{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2470715095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2016.2582723","title":"Gender Classification of Walkers via Underfloor Accelerometer Measurements","display_name":"Gender Classification of Walkers via Underfloor Accelerometer Measurements","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2470715095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2016.2582723","mag":"2470715095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2016.2582723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2016.2582723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052511131","display_name":"Dustin Bales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7845-4307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dustin Bales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039790869","display_name":"Pablo A. Tarazaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5443-8484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo A. Tarazaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011213461","display_name":"Mary Kasarda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Kasarda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014035752","display_name":"Dhruv Batra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhruv Batra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003423670","display_name":"Americo G. Woolard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. G. Woolard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055022122","display_name":"Jeffrey D. Poston","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. D. Poston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088206424","display_name":"Vijaya V. N. Sriram Malladi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2081-084X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. V. N. S Malladi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052511131"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4445,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94776046,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"6","first_page":"1259","last_page":"1266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.8907225131988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.7455977201461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6358001232147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6197283864021301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5868054628372192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5752601623535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5440570116043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree-learning","display_name":"Decision tree learning","score":0.4611665606498718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.4117586612701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.36992061138153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.13355058431625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.12699154019355774}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.8907225131988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.7455977201461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6358001232147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6197283864021301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5868054628372192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5752601623535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5440570116043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5481197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16766476","display_name":"Decision tree learning","level":3,"score":0.4611665606498718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.4117586612701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.36992061138153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.13355058431625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.12699154019355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2016.2582723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2016.2582723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381425","https://openalex.org/W135230297","https://openalex.org/W182673471","https://openalex.org/W338647457","https://openalex.org/W769728681","https://openalex.org/W1498220216","https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W1516653016","https://openalex.org/W1517534495","https://openalex.org/W1534477342","https://openalex.org/W1543502230","https://openalex.org/W1570914610","https://openalex.org/W1848363921","https://openalex.org/W1972784587","https://openalex.org/W2003187491","https://openalex.org/W2007188496","https://openalex.org/W2007248425","https://openalex.org/W2020405099","https://openalex.org/W2025602331","https://openalex.org/W2031743228","https://openalex.org/W2034349221","https://openalex.org/W2055749369","https://openalex.org/W2073939777","https://openalex.org/W2081095216","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2093717447","https://openalex.org/W2097620752","https://openalex.org/W2103496339","https://openalex.org/W2119990031","https://openalex.org/W2121313252","https://openalex.org/W2128634013","https://openalex.org/W2141560585","https://openalex.org/W2145421913","https://openalex.org/W2149706766","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2164184994","https://openalex.org/W2473455588","https://openalex.org/W2494049877","https://openalex.org/W2499288599","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W3004732066","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4230674625","https://openalex.org/W4236137412","https://openalex.org/W6605550805","https://openalex.org/W6632075054","https://openalex.org/W6651044010"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591672004","https://openalex.org/W1982169401","https://openalex.org/W2356463514","https://openalex.org/W4319437832","https://openalex.org/W4243803609","https://openalex.org/W2030894524","https://openalex.org/W2350430350","https://openalex.org/W2592385415","https://openalex.org/W102063058","https://openalex.org/W2006686080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19,94],"ability":[1,179,196],"to":[2,108,154,180,188,197,199],"classify":[3,181],"the":[4,22,41,62,97,104,112,121,134,141,148,151,155,173,191,194,215,220],"gender":[5,29,65,207],"of":[6,24,76,82,111,123,150,193,210],"occupants":[7],"in":[8],"a":[9,206],"building":[10,38,102],"has":[11],"far-reaching":[12],"applications":[13],"including":[14],"security":[15],"and":[16,58,169],"retail":[17],"sales.":[18],"authors":[20,95],"demonstrate":[21],"success":[23],"machine":[25,45,174],"learning":[26,46,175],"techniques":[27,176],"for":[28,43,64,177],"classification.":[30],"High-sensitivity":[31],"accelerometers":[32,90],"mounted":[33,89,139],"noninvasively":[34],"beneath":[35],"an":[36,74],"actual":[37],"floor":[39],"provide":[40,61],"input":[42],"these":[44,92],"methods.":[47],"While":[48],"other":[49],"approaches":[50],"using":[51,214,226],"gait":[52,122],"measurements,":[53],"such":[54],"as":[55,129,172],"vision":[56],"systems":[57],"wearable":[59],"sensors,":[60],"potential":[63],"classification,":[66],"they":[67],"each":[68],"face":[69],"limitations.":[70,93],"These":[71],"limitations":[72],"include":[73],"invasion":[75],"privacy,":[77],"occupant":[78],"compliance,":[79],"required":[80],"line":[81],"sight,":[83],"and/or":[84],"high":[85],"sensor":[86],"density.":[87],"Underfloor":[88],"overcome":[91],"utilize":[96],"highly-instrumented":[98],"Goodwin":[99,223],"Hall":[100,224],"smart":[101],"on":[103,190],"Virginia":[105,221],"Tech":[106,222],"campus":[107],"measure":[109],"vibrations":[110],"walking":[113,142,145],"surface":[114],"caused":[115],"by":[116,225],"walkers.":[117,201],"In":[118],"this":[119],"paper,":[120],"15":[124],"individual":[125],"walkers":[126],"was":[127],"recorded":[128,144],"they,":[130],"alone,":[131],"walked":[132],"down":[133],"instrumented":[135],"hallway.":[136],"Fourteen":[137],"accelerometers,":[138],"underneath":[140],"surface,":[143],"trials":[146],"with":[147],"placement":[149],"sensors":[152],"unknown":[153],"walker.":[156],"This":[157,202],"paper":[158,203],"studies":[159],"bagged":[160],"decision":[161,164,227],"trees,":[162,165],"boosted":[163],"support":[166],"vector":[167],"machines,":[168],"neural":[170],"networks":[171],"their":[178],"gender.":[182],"A":[183],"tenfold-cross-validation":[184],"method":[185],"is":[186,212],"used":[187],"comment":[189],"validity":[192],"algorithm's":[195],"generalize":[198],"new":[200],"demonstrates":[204],"that":[205],"classification":[208],"accuracy":[209],"88%":[211],"achievable":[213],"underfloor":[216],"vibration":[217],"data":[218],"from":[219],"tree":[228],"approaches.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}