{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2332993878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2016.2552399","title":"Detecting Driver\u2019s Smartphone Usage via Nonintrusively Sensing Driving Dynamics","display_name":"Detecting Driver\u2019s Smartphone Usage via Nonintrusively Sensing Driving Dynamics","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2332993878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2016.2552399","mag":"2332993878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2016.2552399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2016.2552399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066221746","display_name":"Bo Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8084-0621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Bo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004470122","display_name":"Xuesi Jian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuesi Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000818365","display_name":"Taeho Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-0357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taeho Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020104862","display_name":"Junze Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2042-9854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junze Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341802","display_name":"Xiang\u2010Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6070-6625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang-Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102763241","display_name":"Xufei Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-6375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xufei Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445368","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3511-0288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3511-0288","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.1856,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98752682,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"340","last_page":"350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8509544134140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.6237144470214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5670974850654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.544718861579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.5219120979309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5216320157051086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-dynamics","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","score":0.4630020260810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4489976465702057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-application","display_name":"Smartphone application","score":0.43559882044792175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4019353687763214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34161895513534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.1062365174293518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07707744836807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.07265281677246094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8509544134140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.6237144470214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5670974850654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.544718861579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.5219120979309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5216320157051086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.4630020260810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4489976465702057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020250448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620615","display_name":"Smartphone application","level":2,"score":0.43559882044792175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4019353687763214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34161895513534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.1062365174293518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07707744836807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.07265281677246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2016.2552399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2016.2552399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2582501395","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u7ef4\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u5f02\u6784\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7f51\u7edc\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u8def\u7531\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61272426","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3485328109","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61428203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4807302747","display_name":"EARS: Accelerating Spectrum Access in Cognitive Radio Networks via Social Analysis of Secondary Users","funder_award_id":"1343355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5289667260","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61379117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5814277799","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61520106007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6834660023","display_name":"NeTS: Small: Designing Sustainable Battery-Free Multi-Hop Sensing Networks","funder_award_id":"1526638","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7029261825","display_name":"NeTS: Small: Collaborative Research: Towards Reliable, Energy-Efficient, and Secure Vehicular Networks","funder_award_id":"1319915","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7949432300","display_name":"\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u79fb\u52a8\u7fa4\u667a\u611f\u77e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f18\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61572347","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8221452533","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Coordinated Real-Time Traffic Management Based on Dynamic Information Propagation and Aggregation under Connected Vehicle Systems","funder_award_id":"1436786","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8852022353","display_name":"EARS: Providing Predictable Service and Spectrum Access With Realtime Decision in Cognitive Multihop Wireless Networks","funder_award_id":"1247944","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98188630","https://openalex.org/W1513446249","https://openalex.org/W1625504505","https://openalex.org/W1847021230","https://openalex.org/W1978628828","https://openalex.org/W1994500462","https://openalex.org/W2008601428","https://openalex.org/W2014643169","https://openalex.org/W2017351764","https://openalex.org/W2019993146","https://openalex.org/W2028790936","https://openalex.org/W2031614119","https://openalex.org/W2038790378","https://openalex.org/W2052770734","https://openalex.org/W2086177416","https://openalex.org/W2086755418","https://openalex.org/W2100096365","https://openalex.org/W2105046342","https://openalex.org/W2105594594","https://openalex.org/W2106126246","https://openalex.org/W2117811484","https://openalex.org/W2125057497","https://openalex.org/W2126541908","https://openalex.org/W2127095067","https://openalex.org/W2144169341","https://openalex.org/W2148217011","https://openalex.org/W2148443935","https://openalex.org/W2156642200","https://openalex.org/W2158882008","https://openalex.org/W2168463792","https://openalex.org/W2170724010","https://openalex.org/W3148244168","https://openalex.org/W6604091132","https://openalex.org/W6636859864","https://openalex.org/W6652421380","https://openalex.org/W6675583992"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765080098","https://openalex.org/W2385749422","https://openalex.org/W2355290145","https://openalex.org/W2353465659","https://openalex.org/W1973973903","https://openalex.org/W2992410632","https://openalex.org/W2025756212","https://openalex.org/W2359831757","https://openalex.org/W2241383474","https://openalex.org/W1994104586"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,91],"address":[4],"a":[5,97,114],"critical":[6],"task":[7],"of":[8,14,33,44,99,103,117,121],"dynamically":[9],"detecting":[10,34],"the":[11,21,31,80],"simultaneous":[12],"behavior":[13],"driving":[15,38],"and":[16,26,41,52,55,76,105,119],"texting":[17,35],"using":[18],"smartphone":[19],"as":[20],"sensor.":[22],"We":[23],"propose,":[24],"design,":[25],"implement":[27],"TEXIVE":[28,64,112],"which":[29],"achieves":[30],"goal":[32],"operations":[36,71],"during":[37],"utilizing":[39],"irregularities":[40],"rich":[42],"micro-movements":[43],"users.":[45],"Without":[46],"relying":[47],"on":[48,101],"any":[49,60],"external":[50],"infrastructures":[51],"additional":[53],"devices,":[54],"no":[56],"need":[57],"to":[58,62,67],"bring":[59],"modification":[61],"vehicles,":[63],"is":[65],"able":[66],"successfully":[68],"detect":[69],"dangerous":[70],"with":[72],"good":[73],"sensitivity,":[74],"specificity,":[75],"accuracy":[77,116],"by":[78],"leveraging":[79],"inertial":[81],"sensors":[82],"integrated":[83],"in":[84,96],"regular":[85],"smartphones.":[86,106],"To":[87],"validate":[88],"our":[89],"approach,":[90],"conduct":[92],"extensive":[93],"experiments":[94],"involving":[95],"number":[98],"volunteers":[100],"various":[102],"vehicles":[104],"Our":[107],"evaluation":[108],"results":[109],"show":[110],"that":[111],"has":[113],"classification":[115],"87.18%,":[118],"precision":[120],"96.67%.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}