{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2034088508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2014.2384207","title":"Undervolting in WSNs: Theory and Practice","display_name":"Undervolting in WSNs: Theory and Practice","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2034088508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2014.2384207","mag":"2034088508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2014.2384207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2014.2384207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044016592","display_name":"Ulf Kulau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1662-880X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulf Kulau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","[Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082587625","display_name":"Felix B\u00fcsching","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0332-5102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Busching","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","[Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070428847","display_name":"Lars Wolf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9782-7765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Wolf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","[Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9231414,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"190","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7826442718505859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7502894401550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.7109372615814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.6017263531684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-node","display_name":"Sensor node","score":0.5691133141517639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5565221905708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5387289524078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5290954113006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.49408867955207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-scaling","display_name":"Frequency scaling","score":0.47809717059135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.47713541984558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-management","display_name":"Power management","score":0.47691842913627625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4107932150363922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.36056381464004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.28711795806884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.22941532731056213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14700889587402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14056143164634705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7826442718505859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7502894401550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.7109372615814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.6017263531684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111185680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3866206","display_name":"Sensor node","level":5,"score":0.5691133141517639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5565221905708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5387289524078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5290954113006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.49408867955207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157742956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3237776","display_name":"Frequency scaling","level":3,"score":0.47809717059135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.47713541984558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778774385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437810","display_name":"Power management","level":3,"score":0.47691842913627625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4107932150363922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.36056381464004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28711795806884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.22941532731056213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14700889587402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14056143164634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2014.2384207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2014.2384207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tore.tuhh.de:11420/10996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11420/10996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401751","display_name":"tub.dok (Hamburg University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","host_organization_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9200000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W232827540","https://openalex.org/W1507806189","https://openalex.org/W1524291664","https://openalex.org/W1972847828","https://openalex.org/W1981060884","https://openalex.org/W1981240833","https://openalex.org/W1988887828","https://openalex.org/W2007264772","https://openalex.org/W2015131757","https://openalex.org/W2041395308","https://openalex.org/W2044689809","https://openalex.org/W2045215983","https://openalex.org/W2047778581","https://openalex.org/W2047946023","https://openalex.org/W2052628396","https://openalex.org/W2088403400","https://openalex.org/W2111185506","https://openalex.org/W2114289735","https://openalex.org/W2117520883","https://openalex.org/W2125555950","https://openalex.org/W2134135723","https://openalex.org/W2135783447","https://openalex.org/W2138623498","https://openalex.org/W2139028423","https://openalex.org/W2167088012","https://openalex.org/W2303186826","https://openalex.org/W2325877089","https://openalex.org/W4231501498","https://openalex.org/W4245685877","https://openalex.org/W6609113941","https://openalex.org/W6631498525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967088250","https://openalex.org/W2144034023","https://openalex.org/W2360430145","https://openalex.org/W4312443508","https://openalex.org/W4245552802","https://openalex.org/W2135721350","https://openalex.org/W2799361348","https://openalex.org/W2036903086","https://openalex.org/W4287778142","https://openalex.org/W3025960525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adapting":[0],"the":[1,9,24,38,48,52,57,101,108,129,138,147,153,163,172,175,189,216],"voltage":[2,29,54,144],"level":[3],"of":[4,60,70,84,110,140,155,165,212,218],"a":[5,80,113,125,133,209],"processing":[6,58],"unit":[7,59,149,169],"to":[8,14,22,46,68,79,100,136,187],"actual":[10],"system":[11],"load":[12],"leads":[13],"an":[15,166],"increased":[16],"energy":[17,39,71,191,214],"efficiency.":[18],"The":[19],"aim":[20],"is":[21,44,158,200],"extend":[23],"battery":[25],"lifetime,":[26],"but":[27],"existing":[28],"scaling":[30],"approaches":[31,222],"still":[32],"act":[33],"with":[34,208],"reserve.":[35],"To":[36],"reduce":[37],"consumption":[40,192],"even":[41],"further,":[42],"it":[43,199],"possible":[45],"power":[47,220],"electric":[49],"circuits":[50],"below":[51],"specified":[53],"levels.":[55],"Considering":[56],"wireless":[61,115,176,204],"sensor":[62,116,205],"nodes,":[63],"this":[64,104],"\u201cundervolting\u201d":[65],"saves":[66],"up":[67],"42%":[69],"per":[72],"clock":[73],"cycle,":[74],"and":[75,86,120,131,215],"hence":[76],"would":[77],"lead":[78],"significant":[81],"longer":[82],"lifetime":[83],"nodes":[85,92],"networks.":[87],"Contrariwise,":[88],"operating":[89],"processors":[90],"or":[91],"outside":[93],"their":[94],"specifications":[95],"add":[96],"some":[97],"extra":[98],"incertitude":[99],"system.":[102],"In":[103,151],"paper,":[105],"we":[106,123,196],"analyze":[107],"effects":[109,173],"undervolting":[111],"for":[112,203],"typical":[114],"node":[117],"in":[118],"theory":[119],"practice.":[121],"Moreover,":[122],"give":[124],"detailed":[126],"insight":[127],"into":[128],"dependencies":[130],"used":[132],"prototype":[134],"implementation":[135],"characterize":[137],"influence":[139],"lower":[141],"than":[142],"recommended":[143],"levels":[145],"on":[146,174,223],"microcontroller":[148],"(MCU).":[150],"addition,":[152],"impact":[154],"different":[156],"temperatures":[157],"considered":[159],"as":[160,162],"well":[161],"behavior":[164],"undervolted":[167],"transceiver":[168],"and,":[170],"therefore,":[171],"communication.":[177],"While":[178],"classical":[179],"computer":[180],"applications":[181],"may":[182],"contain":[183],"too":[184],"many":[185],"hazards":[186],"outweigh":[188],"improved":[190],"when":[193],"using":[194],"undervolting,":[195],"show":[197],"that":[198],"particularly":[201],"suitable":[202],"networks":[206],"(WSNs)":[207],"huge":[210],"potential":[211],"saving":[213],"opportunity":[217],"novel":[219],"management":[221],"every":[224],"layer.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}