{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131208490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2026.3667611","title":"NMPHDC: A 12-nm Reconfigurable Multi-Port SRAM-Based Near-Memory Hyperdimensional Computing Architecture","display_name":"NMPHDC: A 12-nm Reconfigurable Multi-Port SRAM-Based Near-Memory Hyperdimensional Computing Architecture","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131208490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2026.3667611"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2026.3667611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2026.3667611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005780458","display_name":"Md Rubel Sarkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8797-8240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Rubel Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8797-8240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104433788","display_name":"Isha Makwana","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isha Makwana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3967-051X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046137939","display_name":"Umme Hani Irin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umme Hani Irin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4436-102X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036549664","display_name":"Md Minhajul Azmir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Minhajul Azmir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4671-6723","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113274430","display_name":"Shirazush Salekin Chowdhury","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirazush Salekin Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0614-2423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043189989","display_name":"Jinhui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4731-8481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4731-8481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126730443","display_name":"Yang Yi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1354-0204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12550159,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"412","last_page":"426"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.840499997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.840499997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.0430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.03739999979734421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.48510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.4611999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurable-computing","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","score":0.40630000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-block","display_name":"Logic block","score":0.4004000127315521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7026000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5248000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.48510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.4611999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142962650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240838","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","level":3,"score":0.40630000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778325283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125244","display_name":"Logic block","level":3,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136695289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415568","display_name":"Bitstream","level":3,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157922185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173198","display_name":"Logic synthesis","level":3,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2574999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2026.3667611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2026.3667611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7793035507202148,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3322946541","display_name":"CAREER: Enabling Brian-like Computing through 3D Neuromorphic Circuits and Systems","funder_award_id":"1750450","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7282817625","display_name":"SpecEES: Collaborative Research: Enabling Spectrum and Energy-Efficient Dynamic Spectrum Access Wireless Networks using Neuromorphic Computing","funder_award_id":"1731928","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7997980051","display_name":"Collaborative Research: SWIFT: Intelligent Dynamic Spectrum Access (IDEA): An Efficient Learning Approach to Enhancing Spectrum Utilization and Coexistence","funder_award_id":"2128594","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8200661183","display_name":"RTML: Small: Achieving Real-Time and Energy-efficient Computing for 5G Networks (ARTEN): A Deep Reservoir Computing Approach","funder_award_id":"1937487","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070862086","https://openalex.org/W2144289559","https://openalex.org/W2518090241","https://openalex.org/W2554538030","https://openalex.org/W2605371109","https://openalex.org/W2611951231","https://openalex.org/W2897706246","https://openalex.org/W2934533499","https://openalex.org/W2963492949","https://openalex.org/W2966695223","https://openalex.org/W2967927776","https://openalex.org/W3009643182","https://openalex.org/W3019791076","https://openalex.org/W3032008729","https://openalex.org/W3088805269","https://openalex.org/W3091939433","https://openalex.org/W3130639951","https://openalex.org/W3162396228","https://openalex.org/W3184049905","https://openalex.org/W3193529729","https://openalex.org/W3201362361","https://openalex.org/W3202917172","https://openalex.org/W3208067593","https://openalex.org/W4200550963","https://openalex.org/W4205984092","https://openalex.org/W4206016550","https://openalex.org/W4293251144","https://openalex.org/W4312855541","https://openalex.org/W4319303041","https://openalex.org/W4320811321","https://openalex.org/W4361987893","https://openalex.org/W4367670059","https://openalex.org/W4385154608","https://openalex.org/W4386764076","https://openalex.org/W4389161136","https://openalex.org/W4390606136","https://openalex.org/W4392796680","https://openalex.org/W4396910017","https://openalex.org/W4396949463","https://openalex.org/W4400188423","https://openalex.org/W4400276924","https://openalex.org/W4400814528","https://openalex.org/W4400832419","https://openalex.org/W4401568840","https://openalex.org/W4402807689","https://openalex.org/W4403706842","https://openalex.org/W4407566441","https://openalex.org/W4407692569","https://openalex.org/W4409059274","https://openalex.org/W4410325598","https://openalex.org/W4411233331","https://openalex.org/W4411713677","https://openalex.org/W4411725148","https://openalex.org/W4412891132","https://openalex.org/W4416510296"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperdimensional":[0],"Computing":[1],"(HDC)":[2],"is":[3,54],"a":[4,36,101,108],"brain-inspired":[5],"computing":[6],"paradigm":[7],"that":[8,45],"represents":[9],"information":[10],"using":[11],"high-dimensional":[12],"vectors,":[13],"referred":[14],"to":[15,22,115],"as":[16],"hypervectors":[17],"(HVs),":[18],"enabling":[19,66],"inherent":[20],"robustness":[21],"noise":[23],"and":[24,49,63,87,106,131,154,160,168,175],"efficient":[25],"learning":[26],"on":[27,170],"resource-constrained":[28],"platforms.":[29],"In":[30,97],"this":[31],"work,":[32],"we":[33,99],"present":[34],"NMPHDC,":[35],"reconfigurable":[37],"multi-port":[38],"(MP)":[39],"SRAM-based":[40],"logic-near-memory":[41],"(LnM)":[42],"HDC":[43,81,125],"architecture":[44],"supports":[46],"on-chip":[47,103,110],"training":[48,104,117],"inference.":[50],"The":[51],"proposed":[52],"design":[53],"configurable":[55],"across":[56,68],"multiple":[57],"HV":[58],"dimensions,":[59],"including":[60,83],"256,":[61],"512,":[62],"1024":[64],"bits,":[65],"flexibility":[67],"diverse":[69],"workloads.":[70],"A":[71,123],"lightweight":[72],"custom":[73,102],"LnM":[74,77],"block":[75],"enables":[76],"execution":[78],"of":[79,164],"key":[80],"operations,":[82],"XOR":[84],"for":[85,90],"binding":[86],"majority":[88],"(MAJ)":[89],"bundling,":[91],"significantly":[92],"reducing":[93],"data":[94],"movement":[95],"overhead.":[96],"addition,":[98],"propose":[100],"algorithm":[105],"integrate":[107],"dedicated":[109],"random":[111],"number":[112],"generator":[113],"(RNG)":[114],"strengthen":[116],"security":[118],"through":[119],"locally":[120],"generated":[121],"HVs.":[122],"centralized":[124],"controller":[126],"orchestrates":[127],"dataflow,":[128],"computation,":[129],"training,":[130],"testing":[132],"with":[133],"seamless":[134],"configurability.":[135],"Implemented":[136],"in":[137,152],"GlobalFoundries":[138],"(GF)":[139],"12nm":[140],"low-power":[141],"(LP)":[142],"FinFET":[143],"technology,":[144],"NMPHDC":[145],"occupies":[146],"1.25":[147],"mm2,":[148],"consumes":[149],"\u223c0.72":[150],"mW":[151,156],"standby":[153],"\u223c19.7":[155],"at":[157],"100":[158],"MHz,":[159],"achieves":[161],"classification":[162],"accuracies":[163],"93.33%,":[165],"25.75%,":[166],"72.62%,":[167],"75.18%":[169],"the":[171],"ECG5000,":[172],"CIFAR-10,":[173],"MNIST,":[174],"ISOLET":[176],"datasets,":[177],"respectively.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2026-02-25T00:00:00"}
