{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410226896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2025.3568606","title":"GPTAC: Domain-Specific Generative Pre-Trained Model for Approximate Circuit Design Exploration","display_name":"GPTAC: Domain-Specific Generative Pre-Trained Model for Approximate Circuit Design Exploration","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410226896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2025.3568606"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2025.3568606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2025.3568606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sipei Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5088-055X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sipei Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5088-055X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Weichuan Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7138-3681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weichuan Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7138-3681","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hongyi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4841-3757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64852412","display_name":"Sichuan University of Science and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/053fzma23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64852412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China","Sichuan University of Science &#x0026; Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4841-3757","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64852412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University of Science &#x0026; Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64852412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081656146","display_name":"Ruicheng Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruicheng Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2839-4215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036572182","display_name":"Weikang Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5129-9431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weikang Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5129-9431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078286204","display_name":"Jienan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1265-0775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jienan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1265-0775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05995118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"349","last_page":"360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5847505927085876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5438840985298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.5352756381034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5338469743728638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-design","display_name":"Generative Design","score":0.46937111020088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36628907918930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2558724284172058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1840357482433319}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5847505927085876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5438840985298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.5352756381034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5338469743728638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184408114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502022","display_name":"Generative Design","level":3,"score":0.46937111020088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36628907918930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2558724284172058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1840357482433319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2025.3568606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2025.3568606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4015297937","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065359960","https://openalex.org/W2106484393","https://openalex.org/W2612139336","https://openalex.org/W2752317749","https://openalex.org/W2883160951","https://openalex.org/W2884578439","https://openalex.org/W2884822385","https://openalex.org/W2914247084","https://openalex.org/W3023146441","https://openalex.org/W3092498068","https://openalex.org/W3113182682","https://openalex.org/W3199918294","https://openalex.org/W3212488318","https://openalex.org/W4210838722","https://openalex.org/W4280511391","https://openalex.org/W4285114951","https://openalex.org/W4292631995","https://openalex.org/W4293173892","https://openalex.org/W4312725592","https://openalex.org/W4385214089","https://openalex.org/W4389166679","https://openalex.org/W4389166691","https://openalex.org/W4399758679","https://openalex.org/W4400315359","https://openalex.org/W4409282486","https://openalex.org/W4409282642","https://openalex.org/W6769627184","https://openalex.org/W6773526639","https://openalex.org/W6791113163","https://openalex.org/W6852952922","https://openalex.org/W6929189762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4301024388","https://openalex.org/W775311126","https://openalex.org/W4300030714","https://openalex.org/W4391334978","https://openalex.org/W1517876498","https://openalex.org/W4365211920","https://openalex.org/W3021262926","https://openalex.org/W4317695495","https://openalex.org/W4388137171","https://openalex.org/W1967909251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatically":[0],"designing":[1,57],"fast":[2],"and":[3,16],"low-cost":[4],"digital":[5],"circuits":[6,15,81,106],"is":[7,140,174],"challenging":[8],"because":[9],"of":[10,14,25,138,151,176,188],"the":[11,17,23,62,112,117,148,152,163,199],"discrete":[12],"nature":[13],"enormous":[18],"design":[19],"space,":[20],"particularly":[21],"in":[22,31,180,195],"exploration":[24],"approximate":[26,58,73,105,178],"circuits.":[27,59],"However,":[28],"recent":[29],"advances":[30],"generative":[32,51,77],"artificial":[33],"intelligence":[34],"(GAI)":[35],"have":[36],"shed":[37],"light":[38],"to":[39,95,102,198],"address":[40],"these":[41],"challenges.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"work,":[45],"we":[46,155],"present":[47],"GPTAC,":[48],"a":[49,88,131,135,157,192],"domain-specific":[50,83,132],"pre-trained":[52],"(GPT)":[53],"model":[54,144],"customized":[55],"for":[56],"By":[60],"specifying":[61],"desired":[63],"circuit":[64,74,158],"accuracy":[65,200,205],"or":[66],"area,":[67],"GPTAC":[68,101,164,173],"can":[69,120],"automatically":[70],"generate":[71],"an":[72],"using":[75,82],"its":[76],"capabilities.":[78],"We":[79],"represent":[80],"language":[84,91,114],"tokens,":[85],"refined":[86],"through":[87],"hardware":[89],"description":[90],"keyword":[92],"filter":[93],"applied":[94],"gate-level":[96,125],"code.":[97,126],"This":[98],"representation":[99],"enables":[100],"effectively":[103],"learn":[104],"from":[107,124],"existing":[108],"datasets":[109],"by":[110,128],"leveraging":[111],"GPT":[113],"model,":[115],"as":[116],"training":[118],"data":[119],"be":[121],"directly":[122],"derived":[123],"Additionally,":[127],"focusing":[129],"on":[130,203],"language,":[133],"only":[134],"limited":[136],"set":[137],"keywords":[139],"maintained,":[141],"facilitating":[142],"faster":[143],"convergence.":[145],"To":[146],"improve":[147],"success":[149],"rate":[150],"generated":[153],"circuits,":[154],"introduce":[156],"check":[159],"rule":[160],"that":[161,172],"masks":[162],"inference":[165],"results":[166],"when":[167],"necessary.":[168],"The":[169],"experiment":[170],"indicated":[171],"capable":[175],"producing":[177],"multipliers":[179],"under":[181],"15":[182],"seconds":[183],"while":[184],"utilizing":[185],"merely":[186],"4GB":[187],"GPU":[189],"memory,":[190],"achieving":[191],"10-40%":[193],"reduction":[194],"area":[196],"relative":[197],"multiplier":[201],"depending":[202],"various":[204],"needs.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
