{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319303041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2023.3242767","title":"Recent Progress and Development of Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC) for Edge Intelligence","display_name":"Recent Progress and Development of Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC) for Edge Intelligence","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319303041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2023.3242767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2023.3242767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2023.3242767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070753793","display_name":"Cheng-Yang Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0072-3535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Yang Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0072-3535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069905671","display_name":"Yu-Chuan Chuang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chuan Chuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-9033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067996741","display_name":"Chi-Tse Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0393-3976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Tse Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0393-3976","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109465340","display_name":"An-Yeu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4731-8633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An-Yeu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4731-8633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94668178,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"119","last_page":"136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7642916440963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.6858760714530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6015695333480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.5684490203857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5190539956092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.44602057337760925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.43833833932876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4165210425853729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4140964150428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3902679681777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37543898820877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3549538850784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3241879940032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13025006651878357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7642916440963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6858760714530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6015695333480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.5684490203857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5190539956092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.44602057337760925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.43833833932876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4165210425853729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4140964150428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3902679681777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37543898820877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3549538850784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3241879940032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13025006651878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2023.3242767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2023.3242767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1331006319","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 109-2221-E-002-175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8092108094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 110-2218-E-002-034-MBK","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8887723738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 111-2218-E-002-018-MBK","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026297770","https://openalex.org/W2070862086","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2127452375","https://openalex.org/W2194321275","https://openalex.org/W2398201904","https://openalex.org/W2476008461","https://openalex.org/W2554538030","https://openalex.org/W2559463885","https://openalex.org/W2583857261","https://openalex.org/W2613567208","https://openalex.org/W2731964405","https://openalex.org/W2771100829","https://openalex.org/W2791598392","https://openalex.org/W2797218224","https://openalex.org/W2799023159","https://openalex.org/W2887049133","https://openalex.org/W2895910969","https://openalex.org/W2897044384","https://openalex.org/W2908729710","https://openalex.org/W2915418849","https://openalex.org/W2943643445","https://openalex.org/W2945276917","https://openalex.org/W2951498229","https://openalex.org/W2963363970","https://openalex.org/W2963373106","https://openalex.org/W2963492949","https://openalex.org/W2963690694","https://openalex.org/W2963819344","https://openalex.org/W2967927776","https://openalex.org/W2970402754","https://openalex.org/W2971739303","https://openalex.org/W2990838824","https://openalex.org/W2993412634","https://openalex.org/W2995846869","https://openalex.org/W2996817579","https://openalex.org/W3019791076","https://openalex.org/W3021560762","https://openalex.org/W3032819016","https://openalex.org/W3036478084","https://openalex.org/W3043914740","https://openalex.org/W3047988013","https://openalex.org/W3082536176","https://openalex.org/W3087790930","https://openalex.org/W3091977376","https://openalex.org/W3092127391","https://openalex.org/W3102455230","https://openalex.org/W3103415979","https://openalex.org/W3105115497","https://openalex.org/W3129112942","https://openalex.org/W3135461891","https://openalex.org/W3150672623","https://openalex.org/W3155563699","https://openalex.org/W3158116664","https://openalex.org/W3158860039","https://openalex.org/W3165244013","https://openalex.org/W3175268926","https://openalex.org/W3175575864","https://openalex.org/W3183351507","https://openalex.org/W3183621370","https://openalex.org/W3184049905","https://openalex.org/W3185889905","https://openalex.org/W3186723874","https://openalex.org/W3189995700","https://openalex.org/W3190134129","https://openalex.org/W3193529729","https://openalex.org/W3194407756","https://openalex.org/W3202939398","https://openalex.org/W3208591904","https://openalex.org/W3212271031","https://openalex.org/W3212827699","https://openalex.org/W3212851199","https://openalex.org/W3213126279","https://openalex.org/W3213820542","https://openalex.org/W3214202924","https://openalex.org/W4200549785","https://openalex.org/W4220694489","https://openalex.org/W4220756908","https://openalex.org/W4232286453","https://openalex.org/W4281767790","https://openalex.org/W4281961012","https://openalex.org/W4293023456","https://openalex.org/W4293025090","https://openalex.org/W4293025145","https://openalex.org/W4293216350","https://openalex.org/W4306178414","https://openalex.org/W4312327301","https://openalex.org/W4312455792","https://openalex.org/W4313184755","https://openalex.org/W4360977202","https://openalex.org/W6600880057","https://openalex.org/W6605479355","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6744764900","https://openalex.org/W6759226220","https://openalex.org/W6781414409","https://openalex.org/W6790768361"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W4312996489","https://openalex.org/W3111395152","https://openalex.org/W4313526662","https://openalex.org/W3106131444","https://openalex.org/W3216099748","https://openalex.org/W4205963435","https://openalex.org/W4313463379","https://openalex.org/W3214037210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Brain-inspired":[0],"Hyperdimensional":[1],"Computing":[2],"(HDC)":[3],"is":[4],"an":[5,34],"emerging":[6,139],"framework":[7],"in":[8,41,56,148],"low-energy":[9],"designs":[10],"for":[11,159,210],"solving":[12],"classification":[13],"tasks":[14],"at":[15],"the":[16,42,49,72,101,114,120,123,163,172,195,241],"edge.":[17],"Unlike":[18],"mainstream":[19],"neural":[20],"networks":[21],"(NNs)":[22],"with":[23,45,80],"high":[24,46],"computational":[25,196],"complexity,":[26],"HDC":[27,54,180,199],"offers":[28],"a":[29,94,133,145,182,187],"fast":[30],"training":[31,174],"strategy":[32],"and":[33,109,151,244],"energy-efficient":[35],"inference":[36],"mechanism":[37],"by":[38,119,154,239],"computing":[39,51],"data":[40,117],"high-dimensional":[43],"space":[44],"parallelism.":[47],"However,":[48,162],"original":[50],"method":[52],"of":[53,74,87,97,104,116,122,136,166,175,198,247],"results":[55],"weak":[57],"accuracy":[58,73],"due":[59,217],"to":[60,70,190,202,218],"its":[61,78,219],"simplicity.":[62],"Therefore,":[63,222],"many":[64],"works":[65,228],"have":[66],"proposed":[67],"algorithmic":[68],"innovations":[69],"improve":[71],"HDC,":[75,105],"while":[76],"maintaining":[77],"efficiency":[79],"dedicated":[81],"hardware":[82],"architectures.":[83],"Given":[84],"this":[85,90,192,223,237],"period":[86],"rapid":[88],"evolution,":[89],"review":[91],"paper":[92,224,238],"presents":[93],"comprehensive":[95],"study":[96],"recent":[98,227],"developments":[99],"improving":[100],"accuracy-efficiency":[102],"trade-off":[103],"covering":[106],"both":[107],"algorithm":[108],"hardware-level":[110],"approaches.":[111],"Besides,":[112],"as":[113,181],"amount":[115],"generated":[118],"Internet":[121],"Things":[124],"(IoT)":[125],"devices":[126,168],"keeps":[127],"increasing,":[128],"edge-cloud":[129,231],"collaboration":[130],"has":[131,143,213],"become":[132,144],"key":[134,146],"area":[135],"research.":[137],"The":[138],"federated":[140],"learning":[141],"(FL)":[142],"enabler":[147],"overcoming":[149],"security":[150],"privacy":[152],"issues":[153],"exchanging":[155],"locally":[156],"trained":[157],"models":[158],"global":[160],"aggregation.":[161],"energy":[164],"constraint":[165],"edge":[167,204],"hinders":[169],"them":[170],"from":[171],"real-time":[173],"NN":[176],"models.":[177],"Alternatively,":[178],"adopting":[179],"local":[183],"model":[184],"can":[185],"be":[186],"potential":[188],"solution":[189],"alleviating":[191],"issue":[193],"since":[194],"requirements":[197],"are":[200],"affordable":[201],"most":[203],"devices.":[205],"In":[206],"addition,":[207],"HDC-based":[208,230],"coding":[209],"wireless":[211],"communication":[212],"been":[214],"gaining":[215],"traction":[216],"noise":[220],"robustness.":[221],"also":[225],"covers":[226],"on":[229],"collaborative":[232],"learning.":[233],"Finally,":[234],"we":[235],"conclude":[236],"highlighting":[240],"possible":[242],"applications":[243],"future":[245],"directions":[246],"HDC.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}