{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3168963148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2021.3075456","title":"Novel Low-Complexity Polynomial Multiplication Over Hybrid Fields for Efficient Implementation of Binary Ring-LWE Post-Quantum Cryptography","display_name":"Novel Low-Complexity Polynomial Multiplication Over Hybrid Fields for Efficient Implementation of Binary Ring-LWE Post-Quantum Cryptography","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3168963148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2021.3075456","mag":"3168963148"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2021.3075456","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2021.3075456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053238326","display_name":"Pengzhou He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3461-4548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengzhou He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3461-4548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079601863","display_name":"Ujjwal Guin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4819-8728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ujjwal Guin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4819-8728","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027261160","display_name":"Jiafeng Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4814-1318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiafeng Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4814-1318","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9481,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92067659,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"383","last_page":"394"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.65318763256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.628666341304779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosystem","display_name":"Cryptosystem","score":0.6231874227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Post-quantum cryptography","score":0.605269193649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-with-errors","display_name":"Learning with errors","score":0.6010221838951111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.5363012552261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4519987106323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-complexity","display_name":"Time complexity","score":0.4481988847255707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-based-cryptography","display_name":"Lattice-based cryptography","score":0.42973247170448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-encapsulation","display_name":"Key encapsulation","score":0.42108750343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.3636091351509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.3339385688304901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.27013862133026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","score":0.26157236099243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.26053863763809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-exchange","display_name":"Key exchange","score":0.2092609703540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.09887492656707764}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.65318763256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.628666341304779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.6231874227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108277079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233576","display_name":"Post-quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.605269193649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779014939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510239","display_name":"Learning with errors","level":3,"score":0.6010221838951111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.5363012552261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4519987106323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.4481988847255707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497083","display_name":"Lattice-based cryptography","level":5,"score":0.42973247170448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35181327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398156","display_name":"Key encapsulation","level":5,"score":0.42108750343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.3636091351509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.3339385688304901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.27013862133026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.26157236099243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26053863763809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.2092609703540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.09887492656707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2021.3075456","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2021.3075456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3760485224","display_name":"CRII: SaTC: Robust Design-for-Security (DFS) Architecture for Enabling Trust in Integrated Circuits (IC) Manufacturing and Test","funder_award_id":"1755733","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4935221308","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIST-60NANB20D203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6794079099","display_name":"SaTC: CORE: Small: Fast Algorithm Originated Fault Detection Scheme for Ring-LWE based Cryptographic Hardware","funder_award_id":"2020625","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179223734","https://openalex.org/W1598269861","https://openalex.org/W2007466965","https://openalex.org/W2040236464","https://openalex.org/W2069285815","https://openalex.org/W2098290658","https://openalex.org/W2108453186","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2394993236","https://openalex.org/W2463363166","https://openalex.org/W2475466576","https://openalex.org/W2494396870","https://openalex.org/W2536701803","https://openalex.org/W2602052759","https://openalex.org/W2616692762","https://openalex.org/W2789467483","https://openalex.org/W2798882964","https://openalex.org/W2900984439","https://openalex.org/W2919623724","https://openalex.org/W2951828220","https://openalex.org/W2953289753","https://openalex.org/W3011360178","https://openalex.org/W3011725391","https://openalex.org/W3011867112","https://openalex.org/W3034054507","https://openalex.org/W3088315145","https://openalex.org/W3091012253","https://openalex.org/W4298022300","https://openalex.org/W6720990110","https://openalex.org/W6779872172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293172089","https://openalex.org/W3209433403","https://openalex.org/W3172324685","https://openalex.org/W2883034031","https://openalex.org/W2951286680","https://openalex.org/W2315723423","https://openalex.org/W4385711271","https://openalex.org/W4285077908","https://openalex.org/W4313317283","https://openalex.org/W4280589839"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Post-quantum":[0],"cryptography":[1],"(PQC)":[2],"refers":[3],"to":[4,41,58,103,118,170,222,246],"the":[5,10,18,29,35,54,68,72,74,93,109,124,128,142,163,172,176,184,189,196,208,216,224,228,233,241,247,252,259,269,273,285,292,302],"cryptosystem":[6],"that":[7,258],"can":[8],"resist":[9],"attacks":[11,42],"launched":[12],"from":[13,28,43],"mature":[14],"quantum":[15,44],"computers":[16],"in":[17,145,168,200],"not":[19,97],"far":[20],"future":[21],"and":[22,63,84,219,295,301],"has":[23,276],"recently":[24],"gained":[25],"intensive":[26],"attention":[27],"research":[30],"community":[31],"as":[32],"most":[33],"of":[34,53,65,71,123,137,155,188,207,227,251],"existing":[36,94,270],"public-key":[37],"cryptosystems":[38],"are":[39,298],"vulnerable":[40],"computers.":[45],"Ring-Learning-with-Errors":[46],"(Ring-LWE)-based":[47],"scheme":[48,78,126],"is":[49,86,183,306],"an":[50],"essential":[51],"type":[52],"lattice-based":[55],"PQC":[56],"due":[57],"its":[59],"strong":[60],"security":[61],"proof":[62],"ease":[64],"implementation.":[66,112],"As":[67],"latest":[69],"variant":[70],"Ring-LWE,":[73],"binary":[75],"Ring-LWE":[76],"(BRLWE)-based":[77],"possesses":[79],"even":[80],"smaller":[81],"computational":[82],"complexity":[83,217],"thus":[85],"more":[87],"suitable":[88],"for":[89,175,308],"resource-constrained":[90],"applications.":[91,311],"However,":[92],"works":[95],"have":[96,150,161,194,213,239,256],"well":[98],"covered":[99],"various":[100],"aspects":[101],"related":[102],"this":[104,114,135],"new":[105],"scheme,":[106],"especially":[107],"on":[108,127],"low-complexity":[110,133,243],"hardware":[111,129,198],"In":[113],"paper,":[115],"we":[116,149,160,193,212,238],"aim":[117],"present":[119],"a":[120,146,201],"novel":[121],"implementation":[122,296],"BRLWE-based":[125],"platform":[130],"with":[131,134,204],"very":[132],"point":[136],"view.":[138],"To":[139],"carry":[140],"out":[141],"specified":[143],"work":[144],"successful":[147],"manner,":[148],"proposed":[151,229,242,260,274,293,303],"mainly":[152],"four":[153],"layers":[154],"coherent":[156],"interdependent":[157],"efforts:":[158],"(i)":[159],"provided":[162,215],"necessary":[164],"algorithmic":[165],"derivation":[166],"process":[167],"detail":[169],"formulate":[171],"desired":[173],"algorithm":[174],"polynomial":[177,230,244],"multiplication":[178,231,245],"over":[179,232,268],"hybrid":[180],"fields,":[181],"which":[182],"major":[185,248],"arithmetic":[186],"component":[187],"BRLWE":[190,253,261,304],"scheme;":[191],"(ii)":[192],"presented":[195],"corresponding":[197],"architecture":[199],"thorough":[202],"format":[203],"sufficient":[205],"description":[206],"internal":[209],"structures;":[210],"(iii)":[211],"also":[214],"analysis":[218],"implementation-based":[220],"comparison":[221],"demonstrate":[223],"superior":[225],"performance":[226],"state-of-the-art":[234],"design;":[235],"(iv)":[236],"finally,":[237],"extended":[240],"operational":[249],"phase":[250],"scheme.":[254],"We":[255],"shown":[257],"structure":[262,305],"involves":[263],"significantly":[264],"lower":[265],"area-time":[266],"complexities":[267],"design,":[271],"e.g.,":[272],"design":[275,294],"at":[277],"least":[278],"66.01%":[279],"less":[280],"area-delay":[281],"product":[282],"(ADP)":[283],"than":[284],"newly":[286],"reported":[287],"(Straix":[288],"V":[289],"device).":[290],"Overall,":[291],"strategies":[297],"highly":[299],"efficient,":[300],"desirable":[307],"many":[309],"emerging":[310]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
