{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048902839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2020.3015238","title":"Design of a Sparsity-Aware Reconfigurable Deep Learning Accelerator Supporting Various Types of Operations","display_name":"Design of a Sparsity-Aware Reconfigurable Deep Learning Accelerator Supporting Various Types of Operations","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048902839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2020.3015238","mag":"3048902839"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2020.3015238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2020.3015238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088586836","display_name":"Shen\u2010Fu Hsiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4627-570X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen-Fu Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4627-570X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088517936","display_name":"Kun-Chih Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8908-468X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun-Chih Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8908-468X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110704217","display_name":"Chih-Chien Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Chien Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109336756","display_name":"Hsuan\u2010Jui Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsuan-Jui Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070765584","display_name":"Bo-Ching Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8984-4570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo-Ching Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8984-4570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9247,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86866752,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"376","last_page":"387"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8083088994026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dataflow","display_name":"Dataflow","score":0.7053162455558777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6784679889678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6031920313835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5905364155769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4969077408313751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4967937767505646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4960988461971283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.46388891339302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.46309375762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.45861151814460754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4551125168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pointwise","display_name":"Pointwise","score":0.42172253131866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.38627883791923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.33547672629356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17478054761886597}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8083088994026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96324660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205446","display_name":"Dataflow","level":2,"score":0.7053162455558777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6784679889678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6031920313835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5905364155769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4969077408313751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4967937767505646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4960988461971283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.46388891339302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46309375762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.45861151814460754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4551125168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777984123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9248237","display_name":"Pointwise","level":2,"score":0.42172253131866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.38627883791923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.33547672629356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17478054761886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2020.3015238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2020.3015238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1077929923","display_name":"Design of Processing Elements and Arithmetic Units for Reconfigurable Deep Neural Networks( II )","funder_award_id":"MOST108-2218-E110-006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G474396578","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"109-2221-E-110-060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7718582140","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"109-2221-E-110-062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2279098554","https://openalex.org/W2285660444","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2334805829","https://openalex.org/W2516141709","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2565851976","https://openalex.org/W2565960208","https://openalex.org/W2585720638","https://openalex.org/W2605487586","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2625468380","https://openalex.org/W2730834423","https://openalex.org/W2734572653","https://openalex.org/W2750173518","https://openalex.org/W2757184610","https://openalex.org/W2773339846","https://openalex.org/W2803193013","https://openalex.org/W2886352393","https://openalex.org/W2895531329","https://openalex.org/W2895738878","https://openalex.org/W2896050315","https://openalex.org/W2904902077","https://openalex.org/W2945146780","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963674932","https://openalex.org/W2964299589","https://openalex.org/W4234472914","https://openalex.org/W4240168186","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6677580257","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6737664043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4361003569","https://openalex.org/W2807127337","https://openalex.org/W4323831447","https://openalex.org/W2981421796","https://openalex.org/W4386858688","https://openalex.org/W2982536526","https://openalex.org/W4380302312","https://openalex.org/W3008689640","https://openalex.org/W4385338604","https://openalex.org/W3081626085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"superiority":[1],"of":[2,43,52,111,120,140,179,215],"various":[3,28,41,121,138,180],"Deep":[4,131],"Neural":[5,12,21],"Networks":[6,13,17,22],"(DNN)":[7],"models,":[8,167],"such":[9,65],"as":[10,66],"Convolutional":[11],"(CNN),":[14],"Generative":[15],"Adversarial":[16],"(GAN),":[18],"and":[19,31,56,76,114,189,194,221],"Recurrent":[20],"(RNN),":[23],"has":[24,32],"been":[25],"proven":[26],"in":[27,95,128,164,218],"real-world":[29],"applications":[30],"received":[33],"much":[34],"attention.":[35],"However,":[36],"different":[37,196],"DNN":[38,122,141,151,166,181],"models":[39,48,64,102],"include":[40],"types":[42,139],"operations.":[44,142],"For":[45],"example,":[46],"CNN":[47,63],"are":[49],"usually":[50],"composed":[51],"convolutional":[53],"layers":[54,58],"(Conv)":[55],"fully-connected":[57],"(FC).":[59],"Furthermore,":[60],"some":[61,150],"light":[62],"MobileNet":[67],"adopt":[68],"depthwise":[69,73],"separable":[70],"convolution":[71,74,78],"with":[72,211],"(DWC)":[75],"pointwise":[77],"(PWC)":[79],"to":[80,86,108],"compress":[81],"the":[82,162,198],"models.":[83,98],"In":[84,157],"addition":[85],"regular":[87],"convolution,":[88],"de-convolution":[89],"(De-Conv)":[90],"is":[91],"also":[92,103,207],"widely":[93],"used":[94],"many":[96,100],"GAN":[97],"Moreover,":[99],"RNN":[101],"employ":[104],"long-short-term":[105],"memory":[106,219],"(LSTM)":[107],"control":[109],"update":[110],"internal":[112],"states":[113],"data.":[115],"Such":[116],"a":[117,212],"high":[118],"diversity":[119],"operations":[123],"poses":[124],"great":[125],"design":[126,169],"challenges":[127],"implementing":[129],"reconfigurable":[130],"Learning":[132],"(DL)":[133],"accelerators,":[134],"which":[135,153],"can":[136,175],"support":[137,176],"Most":[143],"recent":[144],"DL":[145,171],"accelerators":[146,173],"focus":[147],"only":[148,202],"on":[149],"operations,":[152,182,197],"lacks":[154],"computing":[155],"flexibility.":[156],"this":[158],"paper,":[159],"by":[160],"exploiting":[161],"sparsity":[163],"current":[165],"we":[168],"sparsity-aware":[170],"hardware":[172,209],"that":[174],"efficient":[177],"computation":[178],"including":[183],"Conv,":[184],"DeConv,":[185],"DWC,":[186],"PWC,":[187],"FC,":[188],"LSTM.":[190],"Through":[191],"reconfiguring":[192],"dataflow":[193],"parallelizing":[195],"proposed":[199],"designs":[200],"not":[201],"improve":[203],"system":[204],"performance":[205],"but":[206],"increase":[208],"utilization":[210],"significant":[213],"reduction":[214],"power":[216],"consumption":[217],"accesses":[220],"arithmetic":[222],"computations.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
