{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006047400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2020.2972764","title":"Coding Programmable Metasurfaces Based on Deep Learning Techniques","display_name":"Coding Programmable Metasurfaces Based on Deep Learning Techniques","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006047400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2020.2972764","mag":"3006047400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2020.2972764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2020.2972764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045228755","display_name":"Tao Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4155-3851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101938784","display_name":"Xiaotian Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7652-7111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotian Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003510248","display_name":"Maokun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7258-6413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maokun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7258-6413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022666762","display_name":"Shenheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0105-8194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0105-8194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015451787","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0362-4236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0362-4236","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045228755"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3802,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":145,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96993532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"114","last_page":"125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5336020588874817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49941539764404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4473612606525421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4439474046230316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35407552123069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3306202292442322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10455575585365295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5336020588874817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49941539764404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4473612606525421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4439474046230316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35407552123069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3306202292442322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10455575585365295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2020.2972764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2020.2972764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2109305676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4473266198","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61571264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327539","display_name":"Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W627987529","https://openalex.org/W1541288193","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1560923760","https://openalex.org/W1586276528","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1923404803","https://openalex.org/W1979054322","https://openalex.org/W1992865536","https://openalex.org/W2011730013","https://openalex.org/W2014094736","https://openalex.org/W2022980465","https://openalex.org/W2023272790","https://openalex.org/W2023525328","https://openalex.org/W2027652501","https://openalex.org/W2031103608","https://openalex.org/W2036987402","https://openalex.org/W2044418068","https://openalex.org/W2047481957","https://openalex.org/W2048377078","https://openalex.org/W2062702974","https://openalex.org/W2077735967","https://openalex.org/W2082432933","https://openalex.org/W2098915161","https://openalex.org/W2102522018","https://openalex.org/W2111136900","https://openalex.org/W2112739286","https://openalex.org/W2117812871","https://openalex.org/W2118761136","https://openalex.org/W2121607567","https://openalex.org/W2122765624","https://openalex.org/W2136391815","https://openalex.org/W2142375107","https://openalex.org/W2154985511","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2168912599","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2217897795","https://openalex.org/W2277915130","https://openalex.org/W2300551489","https://openalex.org/W2473606342","https://openalex.org/W2501995758","https://openalex.org/W2515505748","https://openalex.org/W2536076834","https://openalex.org/W2560183437","https://openalex.org/W2607431996","https://openalex.org/W2740268063","https://openalex.org/W2807956452","https://openalex.org/W2894120608","https://openalex.org/W2896507689","https://openalex.org/W2898755137","https://openalex.org/W2918772560","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2964269625","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W4238298460","https://openalex.org/W4255261408","https://openalex.org/W4301264738","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6633557739","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6680285999","https://openalex.org/W6683283098","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6724307092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W4323565446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programmable":[0],"metasurfaces":[1],"have":[2],"recently":[3],"been":[4],"proposed":[5,186],"to":[6,86,101,114],"dynamically":[7],"manipulate":[8],"electromagnetic":[9,48,170],"(EM)":[10],"waves":[11,171],"in":[12,90,120,180,199],"both":[13,149],"temporal":[14,47],"and":[15,46,112,148,151],"spatial":[16,45],"dimensions.":[17],"With":[18],"active":[19],"components":[20],"integrated":[21],"into":[22],"unit":[23,31],"cells":[24,32],"of":[25,29,54,79,125,131,168,175],"the":[26,30,51,55,57,88,103,116,123,126,132,166,173,176,204],"metasurface,":[27],"states":[28],"can":[33,41,60],"be":[34,61],"adjusted":[35],"by":[36,63],"digital":[37],"codes.":[38,104],"The":[39,75,128,185],"metasurface":[40,147],"then":[42],"construct":[43],"complex":[44,197],"beams.":[49],"Given":[50],"main":[52],"parameters":[53],"beam,":[56],"optimal":[58],"codes":[59,89,119],"computed":[62],"nonlinear":[64],"optimization":[65],"algorithms,":[66],"such":[67,202],"as":[68,203],"genetic":[69],"algorithm,":[70],"particle":[71],"swarm":[72],"optimization,":[73],"etc.":[74],"high":[76],"computational":[77],"complexity":[78],"these":[80],"algorithms":[81],"makes":[82],"it":[83],"very":[84],"challenging":[85],"compute":[87,102,115],"real":[91],"time.":[92],"In":[93],"this":[94],"study,":[95],"we":[96],"applied":[97],"deep":[98,106,181],"learning":[99],"techniques":[100],"A":[105],"convolutional":[107,182],"neural":[108,183],"network":[109],"is":[110,141],"designed":[111],"trained":[113],"required":[117],"element":[118],"milliseconds,":[121],"given":[122],"requirement":[124],"waveform.":[127],"average":[129],"accuracy":[130],"prediction":[133],"reaches":[134],"more":[135],"than":[136],"94":[137],"percent.":[138],"This":[139,159],"scheme":[140,187],"validated":[142],"on":[143],"a":[144,192],"1-bit":[145],"programmable":[146,205],"experimental":[150],"numerical":[152],"results":[153],"agree":[154],"with":[155,172,191],"each":[156],"other":[157],"well.":[158],"study":[160],"shows":[161],"that":[162],"machines":[163],"may":[164,188],"\u201clearn\u201d":[165],"physics":[167],"modulating":[169],"help":[174],"good":[177],"generalization":[178],"ability":[179],"networks.":[184],"provide":[189],"us":[190],"possible":[193],"solution":[194],"for":[195],"real-time":[196],"beamforming":[198],"antenna":[200],"arrays,":[201],"metasurface.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
