{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2806318734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2018.2850665","title":"Energy-Efficient Iterative Refinement Using Dynamic Precision","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Iterative Refinement Using Dynamic Precision","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2806318734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2018.2850665","mag":"2806318734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2018.2850665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2018.2850665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/0469788d-bd15-43ab-90c7-69c4255f8411","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078925783","display_name":"Junkyu Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1985-5116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"JunKyu Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086758775","display_name":"Hans Vandierendonck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5868-9259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans Vandierendonck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101104555","display_name":"Mahwish Arif","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahwish Arif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042818169","display_name":"Gregory D. Peterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0875-5278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory D. Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005410613","display_name":"Dimitrios S. Nikolopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-8307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios S. Nikolopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078925783"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7099,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86077844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"722","last_page":"735"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7413007020950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-refinement","display_name":"Iterative refinement","score":0.7261641621589661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5975037813186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.5869978070259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/double-precision-floating-point-format","display_name":"Double-precision floating-point format","score":0.5815302729606628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.49735763669013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accuracy-and-precision","display_name":"Accuracy and precision","score":0.4903409481048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.4660773277282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.413045197725296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3985289931297302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-point","display_name":"Floating point","score":0.16266757249832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12115165591239929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7413007020950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779982483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094420","display_name":"Iterative refinement","level":2,"score":0.7261641621589661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5975037813186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.5869978070259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35912277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1243369","display_name":"Double-precision floating-point format","level":3,"score":0.5815302729606628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.49735763669013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202799725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272035","display_name":"Accuracy and precision","level":2,"score":0.4903409481048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.4660773277282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.413045197725296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3985289931297302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84211073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117879","display_name":"Floating point","level":2,"score":0.16266757249832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12115165591239929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2018.2850665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2018.2850665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/0469788d-bd15-43ab-90c7-69c4255f8411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/0469788d-bd15-43ab-90c7-69c4255f8411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lee, J, Vandierendonck, H, Arif, M, Peterson, G D & Nikolopoulos, D S 2018, 'Energy-Efficient Iterative Refinement using Dynamic Precision', IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 722. https://doi.org/10.1109/JETCAS.2018.2850665","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/0469788d-bd15-43ab-90c7-69c4255f8411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/0469788d-bd15-43ab-90c7-69c4255f8411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lee, J, Vandierendonck, H, Arif, M, Peterson, G D & Nikolopoulos, D S 2018, 'Energy-Efficient Iterative Refinement using Dynamic Precision', IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 722. https://doi.org/10.1109/JETCAS.2018.2850665","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3607539430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"732631","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434323127","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"732631 (OPRECOMP)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700275503","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M01147X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8072461988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"732631","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338336","funder_display_name":"H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338336","display_name":"H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W354029271","https://openalex.org/W1736615913","https://openalex.org/W1819447595","https://openalex.org/W1966287322","https://openalex.org/W1974755392","https://openalex.org/W1988201922","https://openalex.org/W2000833532","https://openalex.org/W2020804487","https://openalex.org/W2062703889","https://openalex.org/W2078126355","https://openalex.org/W2081368694","https://openalex.org/W2104281151","https://openalex.org/W2115780241","https://openalex.org/W2119623923","https://openalex.org/W2121848241","https://openalex.org/W2137994790","https://openalex.org/W2141955346","https://openalex.org/W2169150754","https://openalex.org/W2171404670","https://openalex.org/W2342316458","https://openalex.org/W2481926318","https://openalex.org/W2596871245","https://openalex.org/W2752879223","https://openalex.org/W2771613338","https://openalex.org/W3150959508","https://openalex.org/W4242722506","https://openalex.org/W4300421229","https://openalex.org/W6611917444","https://openalex.org/W6637762832","https://openalex.org/W6644026992"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914973130","https://openalex.org/W3150370983","https://openalex.org/W3150959508","https://openalex.org/W2239119680","https://openalex.org/W1980667043","https://openalex.org/W2125866571","https://openalex.org/W2991644606","https://openalex.org/W4253726537","https://openalex.org/W4234624863","https://openalex.org/W3006775069"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mixed":[0],"precision":[1,26,31,57,93,112,124,129],"is":[2,132],"a":[3,33,61,64,70],"promising":[4],"approach":[5,113],"to":[6,54,75,144],"save":[7],"energy":[8,40,119],"in":[9,32,60],"iterative":[10,52,94,125],"refinement":[11,53,95,126],"algorithms":[12],"since":[13],"it":[14],"obtains":[15],"speed-up":[16,38,116],"without":[17],"necessitating":[18],"additional":[19],"cores":[20],"and":[21,39,79,107,117,137],"parallelization.":[22],"However,":[23],"conventional":[24,91],"mixed":[25,92,123],"methods":[27,49,68,87],"utilize":[28,55],"statically":[29],"defined":[30],"loop,":[34],"thus":[35],"hindering":[36],"further":[37],"savings.":[41],"We":[42,84],"overcome":[43],"this":[44],"problem":[45],"by":[46,88],"proposing":[47],"novel":[48],"which":[50],"allow":[51],"variable":[56],"arithmetic":[58],"dynamically":[59,73],"loop":[62],"(i.e.,":[63],"trans-precision":[65],"approach).":[66],"Our":[67,110],"restructure":[69],"numeric":[71,77],"algorithm":[72,96],"according":[74],"runtime":[76],"behavior":[78],"remove":[80],"unnecessary":[81],"accuracy":[82,131],"checks.":[83],"implemented":[85],"our":[86],"extending":[89],"one":[90],"on":[97],"an":[98],"Intel":[99],"Xeon":[100],"E5-2650":[101],"2GHz":[102],"core":[103],"with":[104,122,138],"MKL":[105],"2017":[106],"XBLAS":[108],"1.0.":[109],"dynamic":[111],"demonstrates":[114],"2.0-2.6\u00d7":[115],"1.8-2.4\u00d7":[118],"savings":[120],"compared":[121],"when":[127],"double":[128],"solution":[130],"required":[133],"for":[134],"forward":[135],"error":[136],"matrix":[139],"dimensions":[140],"ranging":[141],"from":[142],"4K":[143],"32K.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}