{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2804610524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2018.2839347","title":"Optimized Hierarchical Cascaded Processing","display_name":"Optimized Hierarchical Cascaded Processing","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2804610524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2018.2839347","mag":"2804610524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2018.2839347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2018.2839347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/627406","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062441936","display_name":"Koen Goetschalckx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5713-9332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Koen Goetschalckx","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061910461","display_name":"Bert Moons","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0136-8232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bert Moons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029226852","display_name":"Steven Lauwereins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0560-0577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Lauwereins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087728544","display_name":"Martin Andraud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8829-1054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Andraud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012150553","display_name":"Marian Verhelst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3495-9263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marian Verhelst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062441936"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1888,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88329095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"884","last_page":"894"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7571473717689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.5991340279579163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.537966251373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4543028771877289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4285629093647003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.41941964626312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41130298376083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32323572039604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1324896514415741}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7571473717689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5991340279579163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.537966251373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4543028771877289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4285629093647003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41941964626312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41130298376083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32323572039604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1324896514415741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2018.2839347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2018.2839347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/627406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/627406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ieee Journal On Emerging And Selected Topics In Circuits And Systems, vol. 8 (4), Art.No. 4, (884-894)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/627406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/627406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ieee Journal On Emerging And Selected Topics In Circuits And Systems, vol. 8 (4), Art.No. 4, (884-894)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5560321678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"131361","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321732","funder_display_name":"Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321732","display_name":"Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie","ror":"https://ror.org/01antkr91"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998305460","https://openalex.org/W2033262157","https://openalex.org/W2033275961","https://openalex.org/W2101217650","https://openalex.org/W2106900139","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2123094878","https://openalex.org/W2128466927","https://openalex.org/W2137100320","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2267244539","https://openalex.org/W2294931957","https://openalex.org/W2593197369","https://openalex.org/W2593564159","https://openalex.org/W2748659049","https://openalex.org/W2767421475","https://openalex.org/W2793168176","https://openalex.org/W2950014519","https://openalex.org/W2952183644","https://openalex.org/W2962935523","https://openalex.org/W2963029056","https://openalex.org/W2963839617","https://openalex.org/W6675312351","https://openalex.org/W6678352764","https://openalex.org/W6678635528","https://openalex.org/W6734592959","https://openalex.org/W6745447533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365264209","https://openalex.org/W4214628662","https://openalex.org/W4297745244","https://openalex.org/W2037518538","https://openalex.org/W2156822401","https://openalex.org/W3092380670","https://openalex.org/W3125847301","https://openalex.org/W4313390786","https://openalex.org/W2089393798","https://openalex.org/W2356819012"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"there":[1],"has":[2,32],"been":[3,47],"an":[4],"increasing":[5],"demand":[6],"for":[7,38,53,105,154,174],"advanced":[8],"classification":[9,189],"capabilities":[10],"embedded":[11],"on":[12],"wearable":[13],"battery":[14],"constrained":[15],"devices,":[16],"such":[17,23,54,139,155],"as":[18,140],"smartphones":[19],"or":[20,63,68],"watches.":[21],"Achieving":[22],"functionality":[24],"with":[25,135],"a":[26,34,59,66,95,106,150,171,187],"tight":[27],"power":[28],"and":[29,103,143,157,181],"energy":[30,51,128,165],"budget":[31],"proven":[33],"real":[35],"challenge,":[36],"specifically":[37,132],"large-scale":[39],"neural":[40],"network-based":[41],"applications.":[42],"Previously,":[43],"cascaded":[44,92,175],"systems":[45,134,156],"have":[46],"proposed":[48],"to":[49,90,122,160],"minimize":[50],"consumption":[52,129],"applications,":[55],"either":[56],"through":[57,186],"using":[58,65],"single":[60],"wake-up":[61,117],"stage,":[62],"by":[64,87,120],"linear-":[67],"tree":[69],"based":[70,118],"cascade":[71],"of":[72,97,125],"consecutive":[73],"classifiers":[74],"that":[75],"allow":[76],"early":[77],"termination.":[78],"In":[79],"this":[80],"paper,":[81],"we":[82],"expand":[83],"upon":[84],"these":[85],"concepts":[86],"generalizing":[88],"cascades":[89],"hierarchical":[91,112],"processing,":[93],"where":[94],"hierarchy":[96],"increasingly":[98],"complex":[99],"classifiers,":[100],"each":[101],"designed":[102],"trained":[104],"specific":[107],"subtask":[108],"is":[109],"used.":[110],"This":[111,147],"approach":[113,119],"significantly":[114],"outperforms":[115],"the":[116,183],"up":[121],"2":[123],"orders":[124],"magnitude":[126],"in":[127,133],"at":[130],"iso-accuracy,":[131],"sparse":[136],"input":[137],"data":[138],"speech":[141],"recognition":[142],"visual":[144,188],"object":[145],"detection.":[146],"paper":[148],"presents":[149],"general":[151],"design":[152],"framework":[153],"illustrates":[158],"how":[159],"optimize":[161],"them":[162],"toward":[163],"minimum":[164],"consumption.":[166],"The":[167],"text":[168],"further":[169],"proposes":[170],"roofline":[172],"model":[173],"systems,":[176],"derives":[177],"system":[178],"level":[179],"trade-offs":[180],"proves":[182],"approaches":[184],"validity":[185],"case-study.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}