{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2799283557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2018.2832204","title":"Low-Power Approximate Multipliers Using Encoded Partial Products and Approximate Compressors","display_name":"Low-Power Approximate Multipliers Using Encoded Partial Products and Approximate Compressors","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2799283557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2018.2832204","mag":"2799283557"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2018.2832204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2018.2832204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067842678","display_name":"Mohammad Saeed Ansari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-359X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Saeed Ansari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019717600","display_name":"Honglan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3705-4240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honglan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013568704","display_name":"B.F. Cockburn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4340-8394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce F. Cockburn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005550142","display_name":"Jie Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8849-4994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067842678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":222,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98229153,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"404","last_page":"416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-compressor","display_name":"Gas compressor","score":0.5651651620864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.5556010007858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5104081034660339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5059122443199158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.4323510229587555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lookup-table","display_name":"Lookup table","score":0.43141084909439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.38846689462661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3355364501476288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131097465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178898","display_name":"Gas compressor","level":2,"score":0.5651651620864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5556010007858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5104081034660339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5059122443199158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.4323510229587555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.43141084909439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38846689462661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3355364501476288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2018.2832204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2018.2832204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7201717687","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RES0018685","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580963329","https://openalex.org/W1831230998","https://openalex.org/W1903598717","https://openalex.org/W1979974858","https://openalex.org/W1988918651","https://openalex.org/W1993927936","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W1998824039","https://openalex.org/W1998917233","https://openalex.org/W2002973905","https://openalex.org/W2007787077","https://openalex.org/W2020217519","https://openalex.org/W2029900030","https://openalex.org/W2034349555","https://openalex.org/W2065359960","https://openalex.org/W2080826221","https://openalex.org/W2106484393","https://openalex.org/W2111013824","https://openalex.org/W2114837206","https://openalex.org/W2121819644","https://openalex.org/W2124651102","https://openalex.org/W2127421917","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2135089667","https://openalex.org/W2136925580","https://openalex.org/W2150100620","https://openalex.org/W2337325616","https://openalex.org/W2509023811","https://openalex.org/W2524860678","https://openalex.org/W2578985517","https://openalex.org/W2587701905","https://openalex.org/W2589986623","https://openalex.org/W2742536119","https://openalex.org/W2802797931","https://openalex.org/W2886751072","https://openalex.org/W2977250274","https://openalex.org/W4246795461","https://openalex.org/W4256264271","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6639505040","https://openalex.org/W6645400701","https://openalex.org/W6657929151","https://openalex.org/W6677490153","https://openalex.org/W6677758578","https://openalex.org/W6682286684","https://openalex.org/W6753837009","https://openalex.org/W6768550909"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2798215405","https://openalex.org/W2990962948","https://openalex.org/W2084169748","https://openalex.org/W2180065763","https://openalex.org/W2127529229","https://openalex.org/W1580325428","https://openalex.org/W2905112981","https://openalex.org/W2769998386","https://openalex.org/W2562284820","https://openalex.org/W4281295723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Approximate":[0],"computing":[1],"has":[2,130],"been":[3],"considered":[4],"to":[5,53,104,112,138,163],"improve":[6],"the":[7,33,54,57,63,113,119,123,151,159,197,202],"accuracy-performance":[8],"tradeoff":[9],"in":[10,32,62,158,178,209],"error-tolerant":[11],"applications.":[12],"For":[13,196],"many":[14],"of":[15,35,59,122,206],"these":[16],"applications,":[17],"multiplication":[18],"is":[19,67],"a":[20,29,49,131,155],"key":[21,30],"arithmetic":[22],"operation.":[23],"Given":[24],"that":[25,47],"approximate":[26,37,44,165,176,207],"compressors":[27],"are":[28,89,96],"element":[31],"design":[34],"power-efficient":[36],"multipliers,":[38],"we":[39,200],"first":[40,198],"propose":[41],"an":[42],"initial":[43],"4:2":[45],"compressor":[46,153],"introduces":[48],"rather":[50],"large":[51],"error":[52,116,216],"output.":[55],"However,":[56],"number":[58],"faulty":[60],"rows":[61],"compressor's":[64],"truth":[65],"table":[66],"significantly":[68],"reduced":[69],"by":[70,187],"encoding":[71],"its":[72],"inputs":[73],"using":[74,150],"generate":[75],"and":[76,94,108,181,204],"propagate":[77],"signals.":[78],"Based":[79],"on":[80],"this":[81],"improved":[82],"compressor,":[83],"two":[84],"4":[85,87],"\u00d7":[86,106,126],"multipliers":[88,167,173,208],"designed":[90],"with":[91,141,168,192,215],"different":[92],"accuracies":[93],"then":[95],"used":[97],"as":[98],"building":[99],"blocks":[100],"for":[101],"scaling":[102],"up":[103],"16":[105,107,125,127],"32\u00d732":[109],"multipliers.":[110],"According":[111],"mean":[114],"relative":[115],"distance":[117],"(MRED),":[118],"most":[120],"accurate":[121],"proposed":[124,152,172],"unsigned":[128],"designs":[129,140,177],"44%":[132],"smaller":[133],"power-delay":[134],"product":[135,161],"(PDP)":[136],"compared":[137,162],"other":[139,164,175],"comparable":[142,169],"accuracy.":[143,170],"The":[144,171],"radix-4":[145],"signed":[146],"Booth":[147,166],"multiplier":[148],"constructed":[149],"achieves":[154],"52%":[156],"reduction":[157],"PDP-MRED":[160],"outperform":[174],"image":[179],"sharpening":[180],"joint":[182],"photographic":[183],"experts":[184],"group":[185],"applications":[186],"achieving":[188],"higher":[189],"quality":[190],"outputs":[191],"lower":[193],"power":[194],"consumptions.":[195],"time,":[199],"show":[201],"applicability":[203],"practicality":[205],"multiple-input":[210],"multiple-output":[211],"antenna":[212],"communication":[213],"systems":[214],"control":[217],"coding.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
