{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2753878108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2017.2745704","title":"PolarBear: A 28-nm FD-SOI ASIC for Decoding of Polar Codes","display_name":"PolarBear: A 28-nm FD-SOI ASIC for Decoding of Polar Codes","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2753878108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2017.2745704","mag":"2753878108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2017.2745704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2017.2745704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.09603","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pascal Giard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9105-321X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Giard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications Circuits Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9105-321X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications Circuits Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications Circuits Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications Circuits Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Thomas Christoph Muller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Christoph Muller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications Circuits Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications Circuits Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andrea Bonetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0135-5095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Bonetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications Circuits Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0135-5095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications Circuits Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Claude Thibeault","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude Thibeault","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, \u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, \u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Warren J. Gross","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Warren J. Gross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Philippe Flatresse","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104693","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c74sd89","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Flatresse","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andreas Burg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Burg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications Circuits Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications Circuits Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0438,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95901555,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"616","last_page":"629"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.8126999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.6786999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6072999835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-rate","display_name":"Clock rate","score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polar-code","display_name":"Polar code","score":0.484499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4187999963760376}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.8126999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6973999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.6786999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6072999835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178693496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911691","display_name":"Clock rate","level":3,"score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5056999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778396592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209069","display_name":"Polar code","level":3,"score":0.484499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.42579999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29705727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294562","display_name":"Polar","level":2,"score":0.40450000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185588885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7553811","display_name":"Soft-decision decoder","level":3,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206468330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834373","display_name":"Code rate","level":3,"score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2612999975681305}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2017.2745704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2017.2745704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1708.09603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1708.09603","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.09603","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:231002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/231002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1708.09603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1708.09603","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.09603","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003204237","https://openalex.org/W2032948086","https://openalex.org/W2051270424","https://openalex.org/W2084346236","https://openalex.org/W2101207956","https://openalex.org/W2106045225","https://openalex.org/W2129508997","https://openalex.org/W2130768170","https://openalex.org/W2137222039","https://openalex.org/W2150498905","https://openalex.org/W2151815065","https://openalex.org/W2230831824","https://openalex.org/W2245749891","https://openalex.org/W2273218125","https://openalex.org/W2284321898","https://openalex.org/W2518546578","https://openalex.org/W2588809982","https://openalex.org/W2963389341","https://openalex.org/W6653028443","https://openalex.org/W6682769199","https://openalex.org/W6697282087","https://openalex.org/W6737707150"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polar":[0],"codes":[1,9,65],"are":[2],"a":[3,21,46,57,73,86,169,183,190,205,219,252,259,265],"recently":[4],"proposed":[5],"class":[6],"of":[7,15,23,59,70,165,171,179,186,192,210,215,223,240,255,261,270],"block":[8],"that":[10,91],"provably":[11],"achieve":[12,251],"the":[13,96,152,227,232],"capacity":[14],"various":[16],"communication":[17,48],"channels.":[18],"They":[19],"received":[20],"lot":[22],"attention":[24],"as":[25,111,113],"they":[26,37],"can":[27,130,250],"do":[28],"so":[29],"with":[30,168,204],"low-complexity":[31],"encoding":[32],"and":[33,36,68,104,123,135,144,174,218,258],"decoding":[34,75,116],"algorithms,":[35],"have":[38],"an":[39,175],"explicit":[40],"construction.":[41],"Their":[42],"recent":[43],"inclusion":[44],"in":[45],"5G":[47],"standard":[49],"will":[50],"only":[51,56],"spur":[52],"more":[53,206],"research.":[54],"However,":[55],"couple":[58],"ASICs":[60],"featuring":[61],"decoders":[62],"for":[63,85,151,189,264],"polar":[64,137],"were":[66],"fabricated,":[67],"none":[69],"them":[71],"implements":[72,92],"list-based":[74],"algorithm.":[76],"In":[77],"this":[78],"paper,":[79],"we":[80],"present":[81,148],"ASIC":[82],"measurement":[83,149],"results":[84,150],"fabricated":[87],"28-nm":[88],"CMOS":[89],"chip":[90],"two":[93,229],"different":[94,115],"decoders:":[95],"first":[97,153],"decoder":[98,129,141,249],"is":[99,161,236],"tailored":[100],"toward":[101],"error-correction":[102],"performance":[103],"flexibility.":[105],"It":[106],"supports":[107],"any":[108],"code":[109],"rate":[110],"well":[112],"three":[114],"algorithms:":[117],"successive":[118],"cancellation":[119],"(SC),":[120],"SC":[121,124],"flip,":[122],"list":[125],"(SCL).":[126],"The":[127,139,195,244],"flexible":[128,246],"also":[131],"decode":[132],"both":[133],"non-systematic":[134],"systematic":[136],"codes.":[138],"second":[140],"targets":[142],"speed":[143],"energy":[145,176,196,233,267],"efficiency.":[146],"We":[147],"silicon-proven":[154],"SCL":[155],"decoder,":[156],"where":[157],"its":[158],"coded":[159,253],"throughput":[160,214,254],"shown":[162,237],"to":[163,201,238],"be":[164,239],"306.8":[166],"Mbps":[167,217],"latency":[170,260],"3.34":[172],"us":[173],"per":[177,197,234,268],"bit":[178,198,235,269],"418.3":[180],"pJ/b":[181,203,272],"at":[182,273],"clock":[184,208],"frequency":[185,209],"721":[187],"MHz":[188],"supply":[191,221],"1.3":[193],"V.":[194,225],"drops":[199],"down":[200],"178.1":[202],"modest":[207],"308":[211],"MHz,":[212],"lower":[213],"130.9":[216],"reduced":[220],"voltage":[222],"0.9":[224],"For":[226],"other":[228],"operating":[230],"modes,":[231],"approximately":[241],"95":[242],"pJ/b.":[243],"less":[245],"high-throughput":[247],"unrolled":[248],"9.2":[256],"Gbps":[257],"628":[262],"ns":[263],"measured":[266],"1.15":[271],"451":[274],"MHz.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2017-09-15T00:00:00"}