{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122132387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2013.2242776","title":"Voltage Sensing Using an Asynchronous Charge-to-Digital Converter for Energy-Autonomous Environments","display_name":"Voltage Sensing Using an Asynchronous Charge-to-Digital Converter for Energy-Autonomous Environments","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122132387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2013.2242776","mag":"2122132387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2013.2242776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2013.2242776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101435883","display_name":"Reza Ramezani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9099-1826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Ramezani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029446985","display_name":"Alex Yakovlev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0826-9330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Yakovlev","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058743869","display_name":"Fei Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3426-8406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015748287","display_name":"Julian Murphy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian P. Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology (ECIT), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK","School of Electrical, and Electronic Engineering, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology (ECIT), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, and Electronic Engineering, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071549426","display_name":"Delong Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6674-2347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Delong Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, and Electronic Engineering, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, and Electronic Engineering, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4057,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81465168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"35","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.6298948526382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.6236269474029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.6180478930473328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5462164878845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-regulator","display_name":"Voltage regulator","score":0.5393248796463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-node","display_name":"Sensor node","score":0.5218262076377869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.5186811685562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5164113640785217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5102653503417969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5013668537139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4676710367202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4624697268009186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.446110337972641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-management","display_name":"Power management","score":0.4140290915966034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29504403471946716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1366981565952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10563349723815918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6298948526382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.6236269474029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.6180478930473328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5462164878845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110706871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851210","display_name":"Voltage regulator","level":3,"score":0.5393248796463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111185680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3866206","display_name":"Sensor node","level":5,"score":0.5218262076377869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.5186811685562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5164113640785217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5102653503417969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5013668537139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4676710367202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4624697268009186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.446110337972641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778774385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437810","display_name":"Power management","level":3,"score":0.4140290915966034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29504403471946716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1366981565952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10563349723815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jetcas.2013.2242776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2013.2242776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142323794","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2156-3357","issn":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/809cfb22-2830-4ad6-a9a3-6b6b04aec421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/809cfb22-2830-4ad6-a9a3-6b6b04aec421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ramezani , R , Yakovlev , A , Xia , F , Murphy , J &amp; Shang , D 2013 , ' Voltage Sensing Using an Asynchronous Charge-to-Digital Converter for Energy-Autonomous Environments ' , IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems , vol. 3 , no. 1 , 6472117 , pp. 35-44 . https://doi.org/10.1109/JETCAS.2013.2242776","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2977659522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J005177/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5334834590","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/H049606/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5445011987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K004379/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6940072943","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/G066728/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G745166385","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/G034303/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7778643072","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J006238/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7989424694","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J008133/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24130627","https://openalex.org/W1497918981","https://openalex.org/W1513324186","https://openalex.org/W1546817306","https://openalex.org/W2017216250","https://openalex.org/W2026351636","https://openalex.org/W2051934751","https://openalex.org/W2060662610","https://openalex.org/W2092471931","https://openalex.org/W2102580073","https://openalex.org/W2117013941","https://openalex.org/W2122309939","https://openalex.org/W2132541442","https://openalex.org/W2140447791","https://openalex.org/W2147081564","https://openalex.org/W2161620971","https://openalex.org/W2164251692","https://openalex.org/W2165039961","https://openalex.org/W2169457979","https://openalex.org/W2309325124","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199208762","https://openalex.org/W2793870640","https://openalex.org/W2536755009","https://openalex.org/W604633266","https://openalex.org/W3141553291","https://openalex.org/W2981949979","https://openalex.org/W2004227547","https://openalex.org/W1965664720","https://openalex.org/W810263790","https://openalex.org/W2033012626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"future":[1],"systems":[2],"with":[3],"relatively":[4],"unreliable":[5],"and":[6,41,52,71,107],"unpredictable":[7],"energy":[8,21],"sources":[9],"such":[10,56],"as":[11,120],"harvesters,":[12],"the":[13,50,102,114,128,140],"system":[14,37],"power":[15,51],"supply":[16],"may":[17],"become":[18],"non-deterministic.":[19],"For":[20],"effective":[22],"operations,":[23],"<formula":[24],"formulatype=\"inline\"":[25],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[26],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex":[27],"Notation=\"TeX\">$V_{dd}$</tex>":[28],"</formula>":[29],"is":[30,80,117],"an":[31,90,97],"important":[32],"parameter":[33],"in":[34,84,127],"any":[35],"meaningful":[36],"control":[38],"mechanism.":[39],"Reliable":[40],"accurate":[42],"on-chip":[43],"voltage":[44,59,93,115,141],"sensors":[45],"are":[46,62],"therefore":[47],"indispensible":[48],"for":[49],"computation":[53],"management":[54],"of":[55],"systems.":[57],"Existing":[58],"sensing":[60],"methods":[61],"not":[63],"suitable":[64],"because":[65],"they":[66],"usually":[67],"require":[68],"a":[69,105,108,121],"stable":[70],"known":[72],"reference":[73],"(voltage,":[74],"current,":[75],"time,":[76],"frequency,":[77],"etc.),":[78],"which":[79],"difficult":[81],"to":[82,147],"obtain":[83],"this":[85],"environment.":[86],"This":[87],"paper":[88],"describes":[89],"autonomous":[91],"reference-free":[92],"sensor":[94],"designed":[95],"using":[96],"asynchronous":[98],"counter":[99],"powered":[100],"by":[101],"charge":[103],"on":[104],"capacitor":[106],"small":[109],"controller.":[110],"Unlike":[111],"existing":[112],"methods,":[113],"information":[116],"directly":[118],"generated":[119],"digital":[122],"code.":[123],"The":[124],"sensor,":[125],"fabricated":[126],"180":[129],"nm":[130],"technology":[131],"node,":[132],"was":[133],"tested":[134],"successfully":[135],"through":[136],"performing":[137],"measurements":[138],"over":[139],"range":[142],"from":[143],"1.8":[144],"V":[145],"down":[146],"0.8":[148],"V.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}