{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127589514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jcs69321.2026.11366014","title":"Spectrally Efficient Time-Frequency Space Modulation: A Delay-Doppler Domain FTN Waveform for ISAC Systems","display_name":"Spectrally Efficient Time-Frequency Space Modulation: A Delay-Doppler Domain FTN Waveform for ISAC Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127589514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jcs69321.2026.11366014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jcs69321.2026.11366014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jcs69321.2026.11366014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 6th International Symposium on Joint Communications &amp;amp; Sensing (JC&amp;amp;S)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JCS69321.2026.11366014","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071106129","display_name":"Michele Mirabella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6343-3343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michele Mirabella","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Dept. of Engineering &#x201C;Enzo Ferrari&#x201D;,Modena,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Dept. of Engineering &#x201C;Enzo Ferrari&#x201D;,Modena,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012763893","display_name":"Pasquale Di Viesti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8471-8831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pasquale Di Viesti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Dept. of Engineering &#x201C;Enzo Ferrari&#x201D;,Modena,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Dept. of Engineering &#x201C;Enzo Ferrari&#x201D;,Modena,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028797938","display_name":"Giorgio M. Vitetta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0543-1523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgio Matteo Vitetta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Dept. of Engineering &#x201C;Enzo Ferrari&#x201D;,Modena,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Dept. of Engineering &#x201C;Enzo Ferrari&#x201D;,Modena,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071106129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3789721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.6528000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6175000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.5227000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.5187000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol-rate","display_name":"Symbol rate","score":0.4715000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.4616999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.41370001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-shape-analysis","display_name":"Spectral shape analysis","score":0.4002000093460083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.6528000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6175000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5371999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5353999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.5227000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.5187000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74645175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428083","display_name":"Symbol rate","level":4,"score":0.4715000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.4616999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89061704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5555726","display_name":"Frequency-division multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.41370001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152822103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575207","display_name":"Spectral shape analysis","level":3,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780894989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209150","display_name":"Polarization-division multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30049272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6555326","display_name":"Spectral density estimation","level":3,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778812306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275318","display_name":"Channel spacing","level":4,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96402334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030793","display_name":"Space time","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102755159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7259683","display_name":"Pulse shaping","level":3,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17137986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215067","display_name":"Orthogonality","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54926389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575188","display_name":"Spectral envelope","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jcs69321.2026.11366014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jcs69321.2026.11366014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 6th International Symposium on Joint Communications &amp;amp; Sensing (JC&amp;amp;S)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1396369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1396369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196326","display_name":"Iris Unimore (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:18850016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JCS69321.2026.11366014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"JC&S, 2026 IEEE 6th International Symposium on Joint Communications & Sensing, Ponte di Legno, Italy, 13-15 January 2026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:18850016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JCS69321.2026.11366014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"JC&S, 2026 IEEE 6th International Symposium on Joint Communications & Sensing, Ponte di Legno, Italy, 13-15 January 2026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143239281","https://openalex.org/W2888002205","https://openalex.org/W2988977194","https://openalex.org/W3033820925","https://openalex.org/W4313886683","https://openalex.org/W4396982293","https://openalex.org/W4412353331","https://openalex.org/W4412971847","https://openalex.org/W4413978817"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,62,108],"spectrally":[4,15],"efficient":[5,16],"time\u2013frequency":[6,23],"space":[7,24],"(SETFS)":[8],"modulation,":[9],"a":[10,28,49,65,88],"two-dimensional":[11],"(2D)":[12],"format":[13],"extending":[14],"frequency":[17,45],"division":[18],"multiplexing":[19],"(SEFDM)":[20],"and":[21,35,44,83,95,132],"orthogonal":[22],"(OTFS)":[25],"by":[26,111],"introducing":[27],"controlled":[29],"spectral":[30,39,66,96,128],"overlap":[31,67],"across":[32],"both":[33],"subcarriers":[34],"sub-bands":[36],"to":[37,113],"enhance":[38],"efficiency.":[40],"Periodicity":[41],"in":[42],"time":[43],"is":[46,100],"preserved":[47],"through":[48],"double":[50],"cyclic":[51],"prefix,":[52],"enabling":[53],"simple":[54],"equalization":[55],"while":[56,117],"avoiding":[57],"2D":[58,69],"inter-symbol":[59],"interference.":[60],"However,":[61],"presence":[63],"of":[64],"induces":[68],"inter-carrier":[70],"interference,":[71],"that":[72,105],"makes":[73],"symbol":[74],"detection":[75],"more":[76],"complicated.":[77],"To":[78],"mitigate":[79],"channel":[80,90],"estimation":[81,94],"errors":[82],"also":[84],"support":[85],"high-resolution":[86],"sensing,":[87],"novel":[89],"estimator,":[91],"dubbed":[92],"Newton-based":[93],"cancellation":[97],"algorithm":[98],"(NESCA)":[99],"proposed.":[101],"Numerical":[102],"results":[103],"show":[104],"SETFS":[106],"improves":[107],"achievable":[109],"rate":[110],"up":[112],"19%":[114],"over":[115],"OTFS,":[116],"NESCA":[118],"achieves":[119],"near-optimal":[120],"delay\u2013Doppler":[121],"estimation,":[122],"offering":[123],"an":[124],"effective":[125],"balance":[126],"between":[127],"efficiency,":[129],"receiver":[130],"complexity,":[131],"sensing":[133],"accuracy.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2026-02-06T00:00:00"}
