{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3144064376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jcs52304.2021.9376388","title":"An Introduction to Spectral Convergence: Challenges and Paths to Solutions","display_name":"An Introduction to Spectral Convergence: Challenges and Paths to Solutions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3144064376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jcs52304.2021.9376388","mag":"3144064376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jcs52304.2021.9376388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jcs52304.2021.9376388","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 1st IEEE International Online Symposium on Joint Communications &amp; Sensing (JC&amp;S)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053871390","display_name":"Andrew Herschfelt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-556X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Herschfelt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bliss Laboratory of Information Signals, and Systems and the Center for Wireless Information Systems and Computational Architectures (WISCA), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bliss Laboratory of Information Signals, and Systems and the Center for Wireless Information Systems and Computational Architectures (WISCA), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075852681","display_name":"Alex R. Chiriyath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9879-8369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex R. Chiriyath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bliss Laboratory of Information Signals, and Systems and the Center for Wireless Information Systems and Computational Architectures (WISCA), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bliss Laboratory of Information Signals, and Systems and the Center for Wireless Information Systems and Computational Architectures (WISCA), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083068583","display_name":"Sharanya Srinivas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-0045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharanya Srinivas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bliss Laboratory of Information Signals, and Systems and the Center for Wireless Information Systems and Computational Architectures (WISCA), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bliss Laboratory of Information Signals, and Systems and the Center for Wireless Information Systems and Computational Architectures (WISCA), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025118532","display_name":"Daniel W. Bliss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8962-2954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel W. Bliss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bliss Laboratory of Information Signals, and Systems and the Center for Wireless Information Systems and Computational Architectures (WISCA), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bliss Laboratory of Information Signals, and Systems and the Center for Wireless Information Systems and Computational Architectures (WISCA), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78409642,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.737186074256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5280274748802185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.45556923747062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.45180949568748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4491831064224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.44044482707977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3183560371398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14766088128089905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.737186074256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5280274748802185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.45556923747062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.45180949568748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4491831064224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.44044482707977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3183560371398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14766088128089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jcs52304.2021.9376388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jcs52304.2021.9376388","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 1st IEEE International Online Symposium on Joint Communications &amp; Sensing (JC&amp;S)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546340326","https://openalex.org/W1559834644","https://openalex.org/W1606320263","https://openalex.org/W1971811603","https://openalex.org/W2001699846","https://openalex.org/W2029479991","https://openalex.org/W2053340154","https://openalex.org/W2071652847","https://openalex.org/W2071707134","https://openalex.org/W2088298449","https://openalex.org/W2101840010","https://openalex.org/W2121573083","https://openalex.org/W2125930644","https://openalex.org/W2143649854","https://openalex.org/W2164987783","https://openalex.org/W2165602415","https://openalex.org/W2167230435","https://openalex.org/W2206128797","https://openalex.org/W2288356316","https://openalex.org/W2304578911","https://openalex.org/W2327622231","https://openalex.org/W2433579216","https://openalex.org/W2484536454","https://openalex.org/W2562896287","https://openalex.org/W2588854657","https://openalex.org/W2597364644","https://openalex.org/W2598646247","https://openalex.org/W2617281278","https://openalex.org/W2626023079","https://openalex.org/W2626640830","https://openalex.org/W2741767914","https://openalex.org/W2783082252","https://openalex.org/W2798773234","https://openalex.org/W2808650955","https://openalex.org/W2809961337","https://openalex.org/W2811438975","https://openalex.org/W2830267586","https://openalex.org/W2896466997","https://openalex.org/W2901688211","https://openalex.org/W2904637731","https://openalex.org/W2918943229","https://openalex.org/W2919373816","https://openalex.org/W2919623638","https://openalex.org/W2939932822","https://openalex.org/W2960413798","https://openalex.org/W2962691117","https://openalex.org/W2973569724","https://openalex.org/W3013222743","https://openalex.org/W3013319325","https://openalex.org/W3022238477","https://openalex.org/W3022290928","https://openalex.org/W3040232932","https://openalex.org/W3081132021","https://openalex.org/W3102375267","https://openalex.org/W3103026261","https://openalex.org/W3104904392","https://openalex.org/W3196100328","https://openalex.org/W4235992120","https://openalex.org/W6633157773","https://openalex.org/W6636417230","https://openalex.org/W6800539813"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1596201972","https://openalex.org/W2160425906","https://openalex.org/W1485627940","https://openalex.org/W2152433827","https://openalex.org/W1986253068","https://openalex.org/W2385146268","https://openalex.org/W1598943142","https://openalex.org/W4313054100","https://openalex.org/W2348852432","https://openalex.org/W3151673534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"rapid":[1],"advances":[2],"in":[3,40,141,163,186],"flexible,":[4],"software-defined":[5],"computational":[6],"architectures":[7],"and":[8,26,47,61,67,82,125,134,151,178],"radio":[9,54],"front-end":[10],"technologies,":[11],"we":[12,86,93],"have":[13],"an":[14],"opportunity":[15],"to":[16,172],"improve":[17],"the":[18,33,95,100,106,113,117,142,156,180],"efficiency":[19],"of":[20,42,44,79,97,102,116,122,144,165,182],"spectral":[21,38,64,88,108,183],"use,":[22],"reinforce":[23],"system":[24,29],"reliability,":[25],"enable":[27],"new":[28],"capabilities.":[30],"We":[31,110,131,154,168],"deprecate":[32],"traditional":[34],"\u201cstove-piped\u201d":[35],"approach":[36],"towards":[37,128,137],"management":[39],"favor":[41],"networks":[43,150,164],"RF,":[45],"mmWave,":[46],"terahertz":[48],"systems":[49,73,140],"that":[50],"jointly":[51],"execute":[52],"multiple":[53],"functions,":[55],"including":[56],"communications;":[57],"radar;":[58],"positioning,":[59],"navigation,":[60],"timing":[62],"(PNT);":[63],"situational":[65],"awareness;":[66],"opportunistic":[68],"spectrum":[69],"access.":[70],"Such":[71],"multi-function":[72,166],"are":[74],"enabled":[75],"by":[76],"a":[77,120,173,187],"class":[78],"waveform,":[80],"processing,":[81],"co-design":[83],"techniques":[84],"which":[85],"label":[87],"convergence.":[89],"In":[90],"this":[91],"paper,":[92],"review":[94],"set":[96],"challenges":[98,157],"obstructing":[99],"integration":[101],"such":[103,147],"devices":[104],"into":[105],"same":[107],"region.":[109],"briefly":[111],"survey":[112],"current":[114],"status":[115],"field,":[118],"outline":[119],"taxonomy":[121],"solution":[123],"classes,":[124],"recommend":[126],"paths":[127],"fruitful":[129],"research.":[130],"discuss":[132],"existing":[133],"novel":[135],"approaches":[136],"enabling":[138],"multifunction":[139],"context":[143],"contemporary":[145],"applications":[146],"as":[148],"automotive":[149,175],"satellite":[152],"meshes.":[153],"address":[155],"associated":[158],"with":[159],"distributed":[160],"resource":[161],"optimization":[162],"systems.":[167],"apply":[169],"these":[170],"concepts":[171],"simple":[174],"network":[176],"example":[177],"demonstrate":[179],"potential":[181],"convergence":[184],"solutions":[185],"basic":[188],"simulation":[189],"environment.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
