{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1969660213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jcn.2004.6596636","title":"An architecture for key management in hierarchical mobile ad-hoc networks","display_name":"An architecture for key management in hierarchical mobile ad-hoc networks","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1969660213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jcn.2004.6596636","mag":"1969660213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jcn.2004.6596636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jcn.2004.6596636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173102057","display_name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","issn_l":"1229-2370","issn":["1229-2370","1976-5541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062966058","display_name":"Kyung-Hyune Rhee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0466-8254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8991828","display_name":"Pukyong National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0433kqc49","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyung Hyune Rhee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronic, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea","Division of Electronic Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Pukyong National University Busan, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronic, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronic Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Pukyong National University Busan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100650746","display_name":"Youngho Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0406-6547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8991828","display_name":"Pukyong National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0433kqc49","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young Ho Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronic, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea","Division of Electronic Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Pukyong National University Busan, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronic, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronic Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Pukyong National University Busan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009882362","display_name":"Gene Tsudik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8467-8614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gene Tsudik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Computer Science University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA","Information and Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Computer Science University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062966058"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7398,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91427777,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"156","last_page":"162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8133907318115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7379932403564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-management","display_name":"Key management","score":0.683500349521637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.6745267510414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","score":0.6201834082603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5496795773506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implicit-certificate","display_name":"Implicit certificate","score":0.5096702575683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.4911451041698456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.477505624294281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.46017542481422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.45172494649887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-key","display_name":"Group key","score":0.45001497864723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4363046884536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certificate-authority","display_name":"Certificate authority","score":0.41025620698928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.39744341373443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26958316564559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.11126607656478882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.10215231776237488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8133907318115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7379932403564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17886624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320561","display_name":"Key management","level":3,"score":0.683500349521637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.6745267510414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91280400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.6201834082603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5496795773506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67405866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6007261","display_name":"Implicit certificate","level":5,"score":0.5096702575683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.4911451041698456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.477505624294281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.46017542481422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.45172494649887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777513581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611239","display_name":"Group key","level":3,"score":0.45001497864723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4363046884536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93636275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196776","display_name":"Certificate authority","level":4,"score":0.41025620698928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.39744341373443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26958316564559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.11126607656478882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.10215231776237488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jcn.2004.6596636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jcn.2004.6596636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173102057","display_name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","issn_l":"1229-2370","issn":["1229-2370","1976-5541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.87.8709","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.87.8709","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ics.uci.edu/~gts/paps/jcn-2004.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321375","display_name":"Pukyong National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0433kqc49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1569083856","https://openalex.org/W1569537154","https://openalex.org/W1660562555","https://openalex.org/W1798695550","https://openalex.org/W2019267322","https://openalex.org/W2054251041","https://openalex.org/W2055283006","https://openalex.org/W2104748480","https://openalex.org/W2111799375","https://openalex.org/W2132130537","https://openalex.org/W2142886823","https://openalex.org/W2143331563","https://openalex.org/W2145783914","https://openalex.org/W2152924492","https://openalex.org/W2156412965","https://openalex.org/W2161971476","https://openalex.org/W2227653143","https://openalex.org/W4255894042","https://openalex.org/W6610364107","https://openalex.org/W6634010886","https://openalex.org/W6634303329","https://openalex.org/W6638538571","https://openalex.org/W6655279922","https://openalex.org/W6663847981","https://openalex.org/W6671828919","https://openalex.org/W6679774114","https://openalex.org/W6689498062"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2768875466","https://openalex.org/W2130827614","https://openalex.org/W3042178004","https://openalex.org/W2123905133","https://openalex.org/W2385528031","https://openalex.org/W2145421047","https://openalex.org/W2371456503","https://openalex.org/W2169847361","https://openalex.org/W2127272148","https://openalex.org/W2110515501"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,37],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"mobile":[3,55],"ad-hoc":[4,56],"networks":[5,25,58],"have":[6],"received":[7],"a":[8,42,85,125],"great":[9],"deal":[10],"of":[11,31,93,102,110,117,124],"attention":[12],"in":[13,54],"both":[14],"academia":[15],"and":[16,47,78,105],"industry":[17],"to":[18,130],"provide":[19],"anytime-anywhere":[20],"networking":[21],"services.":[22],"As":[23],"wireless":[24,32,57],"are":[26,128],"rapidly":[27],"deployed,":[28],"the":[29,75,91,122,131],"security":[30],"environment":[33],"will":[34],"be":[35],"mandatory.":[36],"this":[38,118],"paper,":[39],"we":[40],"describe":[41],"group":[43,92,112],"key":[44,48,87],"management":[45,88],"architecture":[46,83],"agreement":[49],"protocols":[50],"for":[51],"secure":[52],"communication":[53],"(MANETs)":[59],"overseen":[60],"by":[61],"unmanned":[62],"aerial":[63],"vehicles":[64],"(UAVs).":[65],"We":[66],"use":[67],"implicitly":[68],"certified":[69],"public":[70],"keys":[71],"method,":[72],"which":[73],"alleviates":[74],"certificate":[76],"overhead":[77],"improves":[79],"computational":[80],"efficiency.":[81],"The":[82,114],"uses":[84],"two-layered":[86],"approach":[89,119],"where":[90],"nodes":[94,104],"is":[95,120],"divided":[96],"into:":[97],"1)":[98],"Cell":[99],"groups":[100,108],"consisting":[101,109],"ground":[103],"2)":[106],"control":[107],"cell":[111,133],"managers.":[113],"chief":[115],"benefit":[116],"that":[121],"effects":[123],"membership":[126],"change":[127],"restricted":[129],"single":[132],"group.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}