{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413630549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3601807","title":"Non-Direct Contact ECG Signal Classification Using a Hybrid Deep Learning Framework With Validation in Bedside Heart Rate Variability Analysis","display_name":"Non-Direct Contact ECG Signal Classification Using a Hybrid Deep Learning Framework With Validation in Bedside Heart Rate Variability Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413630549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3601807","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40853807"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2025.3601807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3601807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012400396","display_name":"Zhijun Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9090-047X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ab0at74","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154005","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijun Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9090-047X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154005","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064593698","display_name":"Maarten De Vos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3482-5145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maarten De Vos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3482-5145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090072986","display_name":"Christos Chatzichristos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-5340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Chatzichristos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-5340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000570342","display_name":"Yunyi Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1252-9825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ab0at74","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154005","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunyi Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1252-9825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154005","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087791047","display_name":"Minghui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4585-7107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ab0at74","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154005","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4585-7107","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154005","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045995739","display_name":"Fei Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8935-8169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8935-8169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036100381","display_name":"Chenxi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0180-4126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ab0at74","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154005","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0180-4126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154005","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100641150","display_name":"Jianqing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3524-8933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ab0at74","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154005","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianqing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3524-8933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154005","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100321186","display_name":"Chengyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1965-3020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ab0at74","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154005","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1965-3020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154005","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6658154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"1959","last_page":"1971"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9728000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9728000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9222999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.920799970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"Heart rate variability","score":0.6166540384292603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5822154879570007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5498971939086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrocardiography","display_name":"Electrocardiography","score":0.5302747488021851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4831663966178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4336448609828949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4189555048942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.41318416595458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3709666132926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.36929064989089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3434492349624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.316569983959198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17738544940948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.15852347016334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.1313212811946869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.09294456243515015}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.6166540384292603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5822154879570007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5498971939086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79785","display_name":"Electrocardiography","level":2,"score":0.5302747488021851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4831663966178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4336448609828949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4189555048942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.41318416595458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3709666132926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36929064989089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3434492349624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.316569983959198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17738544940948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.15852347016334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1313212811946869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.09294456243515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019095","descriptor_name":"Point-of-Care Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019095","descriptor_name":"Point-of-Care Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2025.3601807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3601807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40853807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40853807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/780956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/780956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ieee Journal Of Biomedical And Health Informatics, vol. 30 (3)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2932593197","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071241","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4631704124","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20192004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700083447","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62211530112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7133532877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20200371","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848352833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G0C9623N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","funder_display_name":"Vlaamse regering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2314914269","https://openalex.org/W3082889039","https://openalex.org/W112050585","https://openalex.org/W2946788172","https://openalex.org/W2889272531","https://openalex.org/W4401990893","https://openalex.org/W2739867511","https://openalex.org/W3094293500","https://openalex.org/W4241238650","https://openalex.org/W2954543930"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,198,217],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,11,52,70,81,96,152,155,195,199,202,218,221,235,247],"demand":[4],"for":[5,13,113,151,210,225,239,253],"smart":[6],"healthcare":[7],"solutions":[8],"have":[9],"heightened":[10],"need":[12],"accuracy,":[14],"reliability,":[15],"and":[16,22,40,87,118,140,175,259],"comfort":[17],"in":[18,44],"bedside":[19,28,260],"ECG":[20,31,57,131],"recording":[21,32,101],"analysis.":[23,120,262],"This":[24],"study":[25],"presents":[26],"a":[27,76,158,164,191,213,228,242,250],"non-direct":[29],"contact":[30],"system":[33,97,248],"based":[34],"on":[35],"capacitive":[36],"coupling":[37],"electrocardiography":[38],"(cECG)":[39],"verifies":[41],"its":[42],"performance":[43],"accurately":[45],"capturing":[46],"Heart":[47],"Rate":[48],"Variability":[49],"(HRV)":[50],"during":[51],"night.":[53],"Firstly,":[54],"cECG":[55,74,254],"collects":[56],"data":[58,103],"through":[59],"clothing,":[60],"avoiding":[61],"skin":[62],"irritation":[63],"from":[64,104],"conventional":[65],"wet":[66,129],"electrodes.":[67],"Secondly,":[68],"leveraging":[69],"unique":[71],"characteristics":[72],"of":[73,83,161,166,169,173,178,182,215,230,244],"signals,":[75,132],"deep":[77],"learning":[78],"framework":[79],"assesses":[80],"quality":[82,115],"cECG,":[84],"filtering":[85],"noise":[86],"identifying":[88],"off-bed":[89],"information,":[90],"enhancing":[91],"HRV":[92,119,122,145,188,261],"analysis":[93],"precision.":[94],"Subsequently,":[95],"was":[98],"employed":[99],"to":[100],"sleep":[102],"6":[105],"subjects":[106],"overnight,":[107],"with":[108,126,163,194,212,227,241],"our":[109],"proposed":[110],"algorithm":[111],"utilized":[112],"signal":[114],"assessment":[116],"(SQA)":[117],"Finally,":[121],"features":[123,189],"were":[124],"compared":[125],"synchronously":[127],"collected":[128],"electrode":[130],"encompassing":[133],"time":[134],"domain":[135,138],"features,":[136,139,142,220,234],"frequency":[137],"nonlinear":[141,233],"totaling":[143],"13":[144],"features.":[146],"Experimental":[147],"findings":[148],"demonstrate":[149],"that":[150],"SQA":[153],"task,":[154],"model":[156],"achieved":[157],"classification":[159],"accuracy":[160,181],"94.7%,":[162],"Recall":[165],"0.941,":[167,174],"Precision":[168],"0.940,":[170],"F1":[171],"score":[172],"Cohen's":[176],"Kappa":[177],"0.927.":[179],"The":[180],"on/off-bed":[183,256],"monitoring":[184],"reached":[185],"99.79%.":[186],"Additionally,":[187],"showed":[190],"strong":[192],"correlation":[193],"reference":[196],"ECG.":[197],"time-domain":[200],"metrics,":[201],"largest":[203,222,236],"mean":[204],"absolute":[205],"percentage":[206],"error":[207],"(MAPE)":[208],"is":[209,224,238],"PNN50,":[211],"value":[214,229,243],"8.148%.":[216],"frequency-domain":[219],"MAPE":[223,237],"HF,":[226],"13.253%.":[231],"For":[232],"SD1,":[240],"5.182%.":[245],"Generally,":[246],"exhibited":[249],"reliable":[251],"solution":[252],"recording,":[255],"status":[257],"detection,":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}