{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409991396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3566167","title":"Untouchable and Cancelable Biometrics: Human Identification in Various Physiological States Using Radar-Based Heart Signals","display_name":"Untouchable and Cancelable Biometrics: Human Identification in Various Physiological States Using Radar-Based Heart Signals","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409991396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3566167","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40310744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2025.3566167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3566167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093360519","display_name":"Daniel Foronda-Pascual","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Foronda-Pascual","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Carlos III University of Madrid (uc3m), Legan&#x00E9;s, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2115-9694","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carlos III University of Madrid (uc3m), Legan&#x00E9;s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035792370","display_name":"Carmen C\u00e1mara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2728-8724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Camara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Carlos III University of Madrid (uc3m), Legan&#x00E9;s, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carlos III University of Madrid (uc3m), Legan&#x00E9;s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004222325","display_name":"Pedro Peris\u2010Lopez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6943-0760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Peris-Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Carlos III University of Madrid (uc3m), Legan&#x00E9;s, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carlos III University of Madrid (uc3m), Legan&#x00E9;s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07439458,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"921","last_page":"934"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9312999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9035000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7658078670501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6173135042190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.580761194229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.49192094802856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46892812848091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.43321746587753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39512550830841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3776722550392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1694987416267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.15568146109580994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7658078670501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6173135042190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.580761194229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.49192094802856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46892812848091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.43321746587753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39512550830841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3776722550392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1694987416267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15568146109580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011825","descriptor_name":"Radar","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011825","descriptor_name":"Radar","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2025.3566167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3566167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40310744","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40310744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327970","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":108,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150179085","https://openalex.org/W1685939538","https://openalex.org/W1844495464","https://openalex.org/W1975362803","https://openalex.org/W1986440844","https://openalex.org/W1998161813","https://openalex.org/W2013415492","https://openalex.org/W2037894298","https://openalex.org/W2039846342","https://openalex.org/W2041942569","https://openalex.org/W2044656733","https://openalex.org/W2064741553","https://openalex.org/W2065224899","https://openalex.org/W2089497633","https://openalex.org/W2099278510","https://openalex.org/W2100210993","https://openalex.org/W2103919449","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2110401929","https://openalex.org/W2111251300","https://openalex.org/W2119537429","https://openalex.org/W2126960670","https://openalex.org/W2140578616","https://openalex.org/W2149475444","https://openalex.org/W2152606053","https://openalex.org/W2156736318","https://openalex.org/W2170941890","https://openalex.org/W2175583688","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2359247367","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2754885108","https://openalex.org/W2762561030","https://openalex.org/W2788513268","https://openalex.org/W2796946368","https://openalex.org/W2811373165","https://openalex.org/W2870100353","https://openalex.org/W2894561204","https://openalex.org/W2897351599","https://openalex.org/W2908900756","https://openalex.org/W2911096363","https://openalex.org/W2912401149","https://openalex.org/W2915279277","https://openalex.org/W2934548099","https://openalex.org/W2944862978","https://openalex.org/W2947941672","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963350184","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964459607","https://openalex.org/W2979483133","https://openalex.org/W2995739402","https://openalex.org/W2998835230","https://openalex.org/W3000069883","https://openalex.org/W3009059746","https://openalex.org/W3010398094","https://openalex.org/W3011035318","https://openalex.org/W3020996329","https://openalex.org/W3024240572","https://openalex.org/W3024446144","https://openalex.org/W3037473497","https://openalex.org/W3043711803","https://openalex.org/W3046475869","https://openalex.org/W3083943937","https://openalex.org/W3090425814","https://openalex.org/W3108971693","https://openalex.org/W3111367615","https://openalex.org/W3171177453","https://openalex.org/W3172243723","https://openalex.org/W3181534568","https://openalex.org/W3185534265","https://openalex.org/W3187283875","https://openalex.org/W3207346153","https://openalex.org/W3207670090","https://openalex.org/W3209535697","https://openalex.org/W3213758251","https://openalex.org/W3215946958","https://openalex.org/W4210520636","https://openalex.org/W4214952681","https://openalex.org/W4221127479","https://openalex.org/W4223899585","https://openalex.org/W4226415826","https://openalex.org/W4255421341","https://openalex.org/W4256555983","https://openalex.org/W4280541831","https://openalex.org/W4286564962","https://openalex.org/W4289521072","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4291511924","https://openalex.org/W4292690000","https://openalex.org/W4300873085","https://openalex.org/W4302067267","https://openalex.org/W4308773344","https://openalex.org/W4310054993","https://openalex.org/W4311773132","https://openalex.org/W4312195626","https://openalex.org/W4317795251","https://openalex.org/W4321770027","https://openalex.org/W4385237565","https://openalex.org/W4385568164","https://openalex.org/W4386000546","https://openalex.org/W4389265550","https://openalex.org/W4391450258","https://openalex.org/W4391538686","https://openalex.org/W4392152823","https://openalex.org/W4393210317","https://openalex.org/W4396862230","https://openalex.org/W4409723566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W2095239294","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W2019582947","https://openalex.org/W3212688212","https://openalex.org/W4300873085","https://openalex.org/W2353749315"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biometric":[0],"data":[1],"are":[2,33,40,121],"extensively":[3],"used":[4],"in":[5,151,178],"modern":[6],"healthcare":[7],"systems":[8],"and":[9,21,27,59,131],"is":[10,87,95,133],"often":[11],"transmitted":[12],"over":[13],"networks":[14],"for":[15],"various":[16],"purposes,":[17],"raising":[18],"inherent":[19],"privacy":[20],"security":[22],"concerns.":[23],"Wearable":[24],"devices,":[25],"smartphones,":[26],"Internet":[28],"of":[29,36],"Things":[30],"(IoT)":[31],"technologies":[32],"common":[34],"sources":[35],"such":[37],"data,":[38],"which":[39,83,154],"susceptible":[41],"to":[42,156],"interception":[43],"during":[44],"transmission.":[45],"To":[46],"mitigate":[47],"these":[48],"risks,":[49],"cancelable":[50,68,124],"biometrics":[51],"offer":[52],"a":[53,67,91,136],"promising":[54],"solution":[55],"by":[56],"enabling":[57],"secure":[58],"privacy-preserving":[60],"identification.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"study,":[64],"we":[65],"propose":[66],"identification":[69],"model":[70],"based":[71],"on":[72,113,161,169],"contactless":[73],"heart":[74],"signals":[75],"acquired":[76],"via":[77,106],"continuous-wave":[78],"radar.":[79],"The":[80,140],"recorded":[81],"signal,":[82],"reflects":[84],"cardiac":[85],"motion,":[86],"first":[88],"transformed":[89],"into":[90,123],"scalogram.":[92],"Feature":[93],"extraction":[94,180],"then":[96],"performed":[97,134],"using":[98,126,135,175],"Convolutional":[99],"Neural":[100],"Networks":[101],"(CNNs),":[102],"comparing":[103],"models":[104,174],"trained":[105,111,167],"transfer":[107,176],"learning":[108,177],"with":[109],"those":[110],"solely":[112,160],"the":[114,118,152,162,170],"dataset.":[115],"Before":[116],"classification,":[117],"extracted":[119],"features":[120],"converted":[122],"templates":[125],"Gaussian":[127],"Random":[128],"Projection":[129],"(GRP),":[130],"classification":[132],"Multilayer":[137],"Perceptron":[138],"(MLP).":[139],"proposed":[141],"method":[142],"demonstrates":[143],"feasibility,":[144],"achieving":[145],"91.20%":[146],"accuracy":[147],"across":[148],"all":[149],"scenarios":[150],"dataset,":[153],"increases":[155],"95.40%":[157],"when":[158],"focusing":[159],"resting":[163],"scenario.":[164],"Additionally,":[165],"CNNs":[166],"exclusively":[168],"dataset":[171],"outperform":[172],"pre-trained":[173],"feature":[179],"performance.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-08T09:19:03.324500","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
