{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407949142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3545156","title":"Respiratory Anomaly and Disease Detection Using Multi-Level Temporal Convolutional Networks","display_name":"Respiratory Anomaly and Disease Detection Using Multi-Level Temporal Convolutional Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407949142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3545156","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2025.3545156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3545156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/77858.html>","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085821222","display_name":"Kim-Ngoc T. Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0431-9161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kim-Ngoc T. Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AI Systems Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0431-9161","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI Systems Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036798074","display_name":"Gyurin Byun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6683-4950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyurin Byun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AI Systems Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6683-4950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI Systems Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022697983","display_name":"Syed M. Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6580-3232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed M. Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041230893","display_name":"Duc-Tai Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5286-6629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duc-Tai Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5286-6629","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054933494","display_name":"Hyunseung Choo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6485-3155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunseung Choo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AI Systems Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6485-3155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI Systems Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085821222"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.1386,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9811896,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"7","first_page":"4834","last_page":"4846"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.957099974155426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.957099974155426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9553999900817871,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6953260898590088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6271005868911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5058517456054688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.46335864067077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3850686252117157}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6953260898590088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6271005868911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5058517456054688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.46335864067077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3850686252117157}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008171","descriptor_name":"Lung Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008171","descriptor_name":"Lung Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008171","descriptor_name":"Lung Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008171","descriptor_name":"Lung Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008171","descriptor_name":"Lung Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008171","descriptor_name":"Lung Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012135","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Sounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012135","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Sounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012135","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Sounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012135","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Sounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012135","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Sounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012135","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Sounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2025.3545156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3545156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40031640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:350632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/77858.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:350632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/77858.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4377996611","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2019-II190421","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321378","funder_display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321378","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990755053","https://openalex.org/W2106433180","https://openalex.org/W2578881278","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2749253667","https://openalex.org/W2770588696","https://openalex.org/W2770896033","https://openalex.org/W2789643644","https://openalex.org/W2805033630","https://openalex.org/W2895590231","https://openalex.org/W2896927224","https://openalex.org/W2911746393","https://openalex.org/W2912223386","https://openalex.org/W2964439653","https://openalex.org/W3011926303","https://openalex.org/W3022095039","https://openalex.org/W3027928993","https://openalex.org/W3095616795","https://openalex.org/W3098270842","https://openalex.org/W3116715673","https://openalex.org/W3118347226","https://openalex.org/W3135818473","https://openalex.org/W3168806553","https://openalex.org/W3174451793","https://openalex.org/W3174777244","https://openalex.org/W3179217820","https://openalex.org/W3188566655","https://openalex.org/W3214429548","https://openalex.org/W4210428539","https://openalex.org/W4225273861","https://openalex.org/W4283513057","https://openalex.org/W4296916871","https://openalex.org/W4298326373","https://openalex.org/W4321369461","https://openalex.org/W4322763655","https://openalex.org/W4372260403","https://openalex.org/W4383428007","https://openalex.org/W4385208579","https://openalex.org/W4388745388","https://openalex.org/W4390693180","https://openalex.org/W6696085341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"automated":[1],"analysis":[2],"of":[3,18,32,61,149,157,207],"respiratory":[4,33,89,141,178,221],"sounds":[5,34],"using":[6,64],"Deep":[7],"Learning":[8],"(DL)":[9],"plays":[10],"a":[11,45,96],"pivotal":[12],"role":[13],"in":[14,35,83,113,133,155,167,220],"the":[15,27,58,80,119,127,158,182,204,208],"early":[16],"detection":[17,174],"lung":[19,92],"diseases.":[20],"However,":[21],"current":[22],"DL":[23,47],"methods":[24,132],"often":[25],"examine":[26],"spatial":[28,51],"and":[29,56,88,110,136,143,153,163,169,193,198],"temporal":[30,65],"characteristics":[31],"isolation,":[36],"which":[37],"inherently":[38],"limit":[39],"their":[40],"potential.":[41],"This":[42],"study":[43],"proposes":[44],"novel":[46],"framework":[48,70,129],"that":[49,126],"captures":[50],"features":[52,63,106],"through":[53],"convolution":[54,66],"operations":[55],"exploits":[57],"spatiotemporal":[59],"correlations":[60],"these":[62],"networks.":[67],"The":[68],"proposed":[69,128],"incorporates":[71],"Multi-Level":[72],"Temporal":[73],"Convolutional":[74],"Networks":[75],"(ML-TCN)":[76],"to":[77,103,151,216],"considerably":[78],"enhance":[79],"model":[81],"accuracy":[82,184],"detecting":[84],"anomaly":[85,142,171],"breathing":[86,172],"cycles":[87],"recordings":[90],"from":[91,108],"sound":[93],"audio.":[94],"Moreover,":[95],"transfer":[97],"learning":[98],"technique":[99],"is":[100,185],"also":[101],"employed":[102],"extract":[104],"semantic":[105],"efficiently":[107],"limited":[109],"imbalanced":[111],"data":[112],"this":[114],"domain.":[115],"Thorough":[116],"experiments":[117],"on":[118],"well-known":[120],"ICBHI":[121],"2017":[122],"challenge":[123],"dataset":[124],"show":[125],"outperforms":[130],"state-of-the-art":[131],"both":[134],"binary":[135,168,191],"multi-class":[137,170],"classification":[138,180,183,192],"tasks":[139],"for":[140,189,195],"disease":[144],"detection.":[145],"In":[146,177],"particular,":[147],"improvements":[148],"up":[150],"2.29%":[152],"2.27%":[154],"terms":[156],"Score":[159],"metric,":[160],"average":[161],"sensitivity":[162],"specificity,":[164],"are":[165],"demonstrated":[166],"cycle":[173],"tasks,":[175,181],"respectively.":[176],"recording":[179],"improved":[186],"by":[187],"2.69%":[188],"healthy-unhealthy":[190],"1.47%":[194],"healthy,":[196],"chronic,":[197],"non-chronic":[199],"diagnosis.":[200],"These":[201],"results":[202],"highlight":[203],"marked":[205],"advantage":[206],"ML-TCN":[209],"over":[210],"existing":[211],"techniques,":[212],"showcasing":[213],"its":[214],"potential":[215],"drive":[217],"future":[218],"innovations":[219],"healthcare":[222],"technology.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-10T08:33:47.465468","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
