{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407900541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3544612","title":"Hierarchically Optimized Multiple Instance Learning With Multi-Magnification Pathological Images for Cerebral Tumor Diagnosis","display_name":"Hierarchically Optimized Multiple Instance Learning With Multi-Magnification Pathological Images for Cerebral Tumor Diagnosis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407900541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3544612","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2025.3544612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3544612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013383175","display_name":"Lianghui Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3067-0210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lianghui Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049935860","display_name":"Renao Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2399-199X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2399-199X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040744605","display_name":"Tian Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3989-6927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3989-6927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043302417","display_name":"Fenfen Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128921","display_name":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/037p24858","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fenfen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128921","https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128921","https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009743598","display_name":"Linlang Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120929","display_name":"Zhujiang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02mhxa927","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58200834","display_name":"Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjw4z39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120929","https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019313504","display_name":"Qiming He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6672-6670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiming He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6672-6670","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101194711","display_name":"Shanshan Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanshan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Huijuan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2738-8906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128921","display_name":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/037p24858","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huijuan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2738-8906","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128921","https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128921","https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100719304","display_name":"Yonghong He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-8901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghong He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-8901","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010034064","display_name":"Anjia Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3357-5348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128921","display_name":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/037p24858","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anjia Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3357-5348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128921","https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128921","https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013383175"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6924,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67223693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"6","first_page":"4173","last_page":"4185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9625999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnification","display_name":"Magnification","score":0.679142951965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6686316132545471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6485520005226135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathological","display_name":"Pathological","score":0.4796714782714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4475230276584625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4275239109992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.4173540472984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.3502885699272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.2784194350242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.26561254262924194}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4144372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675287","display_name":"Magnification","level":2,"score":0.679142951965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6686316132545471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6485520005226135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207886595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456138","display_name":"Pathological","level":2,"score":0.4796714782714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4475230276584625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4275239109992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.4173540472984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3502885699272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2784194350242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26561254262924194}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098451","descriptor_name":"Multiple-Instance Learning Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098451","descriptor_name":"Multiple-Instance Learning Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098451","descriptor_name":"Multiple-Instance Learning Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005910","descriptor_name":"Glioma","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005910","descriptor_name":"Glioma","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005910","descriptor_name":"Glioma","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005910","descriptor_name":"Glioma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005910","descriptor_name":"Glioma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005910","descriptor_name":"Glioma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2025.3544612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3544612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40031639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4167511369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61975089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965612286","https://openalex.org/W1969234199","https://openalex.org/W2004180096","https://openalex.org/W2200290088","https://openalex.org/W2302302587","https://openalex.org/W2325769424","https://openalex.org/W2884741638","https://openalex.org/W2950387367","https://openalex.org/W2953218432","https://openalex.org/W2963676873","https://openalex.org/W2986297814","https://openalex.org/W3021598653","https://openalex.org/W3035321581","https://openalex.org/W3037083567","https://openalex.org/W3114778165","https://openalex.org/W3132591370","https://openalex.org/W3135547872","https://openalex.org/W3138848412","https://openalex.org/W3157774828","https://openalex.org/W3174246647","https://openalex.org/W3174484627","https://openalex.org/W3176719058","https://openalex.org/W3183732083","https://openalex.org/W3194280965","https://openalex.org/W4206345684","https://openalex.org/W4212935594","https://openalex.org/W4223446508","https://openalex.org/W4281614882","https://openalex.org/W4310009723","https://openalex.org/W4312199864","https://openalex.org/W4312468136","https://openalex.org/W4312504619","https://openalex.org/W4312765357","https://openalex.org/W4313397115","https://openalex.org/W4317754301","https://openalex.org/W4319866410","https://openalex.org/W4327747213","https://openalex.org/W4362589322","https://openalex.org/W4378515439","https://openalex.org/W4379162563","https://openalex.org/W4401304431","https://openalex.org/W4402125280","https://openalex.org/W6747701563","https://openalex.org/W6803426362","https://openalex.org/W6846148735","https://openalex.org/W6869511710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4256609757","https://openalex.org/W2152595177","https://openalex.org/W2041117173","https://openalex.org/W2022127494","https://openalex.org/W1810141276","https://openalex.org/W2023135624","https://openalex.org/W1977757029","https://openalex.org/W2005715326","https://openalex.org/W2418534670","https://openalex.org/W2047186806"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"diagnosis":[1],"of":[2,22,46,78,142,180],"cerebral":[3,26],"tumors":[4,27],"is":[5],"crucial":[6],"for":[7,32,65,116,123,130],"effective":[8],"clinical":[9,30],"therapeutics":[10],"and":[11,19,74,85,96,126,150],"prognosis.":[12],"However,":[13],"limitations":[14],"in":[15,25,87],"brain":[16,43,69,79,117],"biopsy":[17],"tissues":[18],"the":[20,76,161],"scarcity":[21],"pathologists":[23],"specializing":[24],"hinder":[28],"comprehensive":[29],"tests":[31],"precise":[33],"diagnosis.":[34],"To":[35],"address":[36],"these":[37],"challenges,":[38],"we":[39],"first":[40],"established":[41],"a":[42,56],"tumor":[44,70,118,169,181],"dataset":[45],"3,520":[47],"cases":[48],"collected":[49],"from":[50],"multiple":[51,101],"centers.":[52],"We":[53],"then":[54],"proposed":[55],"novel":[57],"Hierarchically":[58],"Optimized":[59],"Multiple":[60],"Instance":[61],"Learning":[62],"(HOMIL)":[63],"method":[64],"classifying":[66],"six":[67],"common":[68],"types,":[71],"glioma":[72,124],"grading,":[73,125],"predicting":[75],"origin":[77,131],"metastatic":[80],"cancers.":[81],"The":[82],"feature":[83],"encoder":[84],"aggregator":[86],"HOMIL":[88,106,137],"were":[89],"trained":[90],"alternately":[91],"based":[92],"on":[93,133,176],"specific":[94],"datasets":[95],"tasks.":[97],"Compared":[98],"to":[99,157],"other":[100],"instance":[102],"learning":[103],"(MIL)":[104],"methods,":[105],"achieved":[107],"state-of-the-art":[108],"performance":[109],"with":[110],"impressive":[111],"accuracies:":[112],"93.29%":[113],"/":[114,121,128],"85.60%":[115],"classification,":[119],"91.21%":[120],"96.93%":[122],"86.36%":[127],"79.28%":[129],"determination":[132],"internal/external":[134],"datasets.":[135],"Additionally,":[136],"effectively":[138],"located":[139],"multi-scale":[140],"regions":[141],"interest,":[143],"enabling":[144],"an":[145],"in-depth":[146],"analysis":[147],"through":[148],"features":[149,159],"heatmaps.":[151],"Extensive":[152],"visualization":[153],"demonstrated":[154],"HOMIL's":[155],"ability":[156],"cluster":[158],"within":[160],"same":[162],"type":[163],"while":[164],"establishing":[165],"distinct":[166],"boundaries":[167],"between":[168],"types.":[170],"It":[171],"also":[172],"identified":[173],"critical":[174],"areas":[175],"pathological":[177],"slides,":[178],"regardless":[179],"size.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-11T08:15:01.531666","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
