{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406728063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3532771","title":"Effects of Different Preprocessing Pipelines on Motor Imagery-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces","display_name":"Effects of Different Preprocessing Pipelines on Motor Imagery-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406728063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3532771","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2025.3532771","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3532771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3532771","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0825-7487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, U.K","Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086773660","display_name":"Kai Gui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7251-3348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116723","display_name":"Robotics Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020w2fr77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144102","display_name":"Wuhu Hit Robot Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/049w4dp92","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144102"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yijiahe Robotics Research Institute, Nanjing, China","technical director of the Yijiahe Robotics Research Institute, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yijiahe Robotics Research Institute, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"technical director of the Yijiahe Robotics Research Institute, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021670627","display_name":"Xiaolong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3943-4183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, U.K","Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056752831","display_name":"Benjamin Metcalfe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4279-8930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Metcalfe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, U.K","Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101636282","display_name":"Dingguo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4803-7489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingguo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, U.K","Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.476,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94764161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"5","first_page":"3343","last_page":"3355"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7028621435165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-transport","display_name":"Pipeline transport","score":0.6362537741661072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.6069647073745728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.5757522583007812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5586905479431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4761878550052643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.4585210680961609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.42659008502960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.34134405851364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.32293933629989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.22233816981315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1552407443523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1503726840019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1291789710521698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7028621435165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.6362537741661072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.6069647073745728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.5757522583007812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5586905479431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4761878550052643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.4585210680961609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42659008502960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.34134405851364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.32293933629989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.22233816981315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1552407443523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1503726840019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1291789710521698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2025.3532771","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3532771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40031268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2025.3532771","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2025.3532771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6112032436","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/X018342/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320322","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525254066","https://openalex.org/W1966065237","https://openalex.org/W2085182169","https://openalex.org/W2097724176","https://openalex.org/W2119163516","https://openalex.org/W2132360759","https://openalex.org/W2503208244","https://openalex.org/W2602279467","https://openalex.org/W2611482981","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2792847701","https://openalex.org/W2912885887","https://openalex.org/W2920993277","https://openalex.org/W2950097344","https://openalex.org/W2963946332","https://openalex.org/W3030231317","https://openalex.org/W3092342532","https://openalex.org/W3115305254","https://openalex.org/W3127935830","https://openalex.org/W3138374786","https://openalex.org/W3167195439","https://openalex.org/W4206186876","https://openalex.org/W4293194544","https://openalex.org/W4307815351","https://openalex.org/W4319826315","https://openalex.org/W4319934143","https://openalex.org/W4328007684","https://openalex.org/W4362735757","https://openalex.org/W4385338410","https://openalex.org/W4399212938","https://openalex.org/W6748816842","https://openalex.org/W6792941364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W2947925238","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W3045772920","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W2047816336","https://openalex.org/W2944296668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,106],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"brain-computer":[3,42,269],"interfaces":[4],"(BCIs)":[5],"leveraging":[6],"electroencephalography":[7],"(EEG)":[8],"signals":[9],"for":[10,57,64,191,248],"the":[11,54,101,144,161,167,198,201,205,232,249,264],"control":[12],"of":[13,24,33,38,47,76,103,112,124,169,197,204,251,268],"external":[14],"devices":[15],"have":[16],"garnered":[17],"increasing":[18],"attention.":[19],"The":[20,36,149],"information":[21],"transfer":[22],"rate":[23],"BCI":[25,104],"has":[26],"been":[27],"significantly":[28],"improved":[29],"by":[30],"a":[31,74,110],"lot":[32],"cutting-edge":[34],"methods.":[35],"exploration":[37],"effective":[39,252],"preprocessing":[40,50,77,113,145,164,253],"in":[41,45,100,141,237,244,255,260],"interfaces,":[43],"particularly":[44],"terms":[46],"identifying":[48],"suitable":[49,190],"methods":[51,146,236],"and":[52,91,98,156,174,185,228,266],"determining":[53],"optimal":[55],"sequence":[56],"their":[58,95],"application,":[59],"remains":[60],"an":[61],"area":[62],"ripe":[63],"further":[65],"investigation.":[66],"To":[67],"address":[68],"this":[69,71,107,178],"gap,":[70],"study":[72,179,199],"explores":[73],"range":[75],"techniques,":[78],"including":[79],"but":[80],"not":[81],"limited":[82],"to":[83,128,263],"independent":[84],"component":[85],"analysis,":[86,177],"surface":[87,186,206],"Laplacian,":[88],"bandpass":[89,157,183],"filtering,":[90],"baseline":[92,154,181],"correction,":[93,182],"examining":[94],"potential":[96],"contributions":[97],"synergies":[99],"context":[102],"applications.":[105],"extensive":[108],"research,":[109],"variety":[111],"pipelines":[114,254],"were":[115,126],"rigorously":[116],"tested":[117],"across":[118],"four":[119],"EEG":[120,136,256],"data":[121],"sets,":[122],"all":[123],"which":[125],"pertinent":[127],"motor":[129],"imagery-based":[130],"BCIs.":[131],"These":[132],"tests":[133],"incorporated":[134],"five":[135],"machine":[137],"learning":[138],"models,":[139],"working":[140],"tandem":[142],"with":[143],"discussed":[147],"earlier.":[148],"study's":[150],"results":[151,226],"highlighted":[152],"that":[153,213,230],"correction":[155],"filtering":[158,184],"consistently":[159],"provided":[160],"most":[162],"beneficial":[163],"effects.":[165],"From":[166],"perspective":[168],"online":[170,192],"deployment,":[171],"after":[172],"testing":[173],"time":[175],"complexity":[176],"recommends":[180],"Laplace":[187],"as":[188],"more":[189],"implementation.":[193],"An":[194],"interesting":[195],"revelation":[196],"was":[200],"enhanced":[202],"effectiveness":[203],"Laplacian":[207],"algorithm":[208],"when":[209],"used":[210],"alongside":[211],"algorithms":[212],"focus":[214],"on":[215],"spatial":[216],"information.":[217],"Using":[218],"appropriate":[219],"processing":[220],"algorithms,":[221],"we":[222],"can":[223],"even":[224],"achieve":[225],"(92.91%":[227],"88.11%)":[229],"exceed":[231],"SOTA":[233],"feature":[234],"extraction":[235],"some":[238],"cases.":[239],"Such":[240],"findings":[241],"are":[242],"instrumental":[243],"offering":[245],"critical":[246],"insights":[247],"selection":[250],"signal":[257],"decoding.":[258],"This,":[259],"turn,":[261],"contributes":[262],"advancement":[265],"refinement":[267],"interface":[270],"technologies.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}