{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405219047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3514669","title":"Ankle Kinematics Estimation Using Artificial Neural Network and Multimodal IMU Data","display_name":"Ankle Kinematics Estimation Using Artificial Neural Network and Multimodal IMU Data","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405219047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3514669","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40030476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3514669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3514669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079373096","display_name":"Lefan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4123-4159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lefan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4123-4159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086311488","display_name":"Pingfan Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-083X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090013","display_name":"Cambridge School","ror":"https://ror.org/006k1pa70","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090013"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096386","display_name":"Bridge University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cbm0437","country_code":"SS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]}],"countries":["GB","PT","SS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingfan Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-083X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210096386","https://openalex.org/I4210090013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Thomas Stone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8915-3550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801508603","display_name":"Cambridge Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03r6qg857","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124574311","https://openalex.org/I2801508603"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096386","display_name":"Bridge University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cbm0437","country_code":"SS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]}],"countries":["SS","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Stone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge Clinical Movement Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8915-3550","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge Clinical Movement Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801508603","https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042278493","display_name":"Adrian Weller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1915-7158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090013","display_name":"Cambridge School","ror":"https://ror.org/006k1pa70","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090013"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096386","display_name":"Bridge University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cbm0437","country_code":"SS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]}],"countries":["GB","PT","SS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Weller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1915-7158","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210096386","https://openalex.org/I4210090013"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026454775","display_name":"Sebastian W. Pattinson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian W. Pattinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7851-7718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73789999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"4","first_page":"2617","last_page":"2628"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":0.949400007724762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":0.949400007724762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10455","display_name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","score":0.9343000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.9266999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.7595698833465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.7454575300216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6625973582267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle","display_name":"Ankle","score":0.6253634691238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6183315515518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5804328918457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4355863928794861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39694127440452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.32609495520591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1688235104084015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1607072353363037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.7595698833465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.7454575300216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6625973582267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.6253634691238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6183315515518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5804328918457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4355863928794861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39694127440452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.32609495520591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1688235104084015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1607072353363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061725","descriptor_name":"Accelerometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061725","descriptor_name":"Accelerometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061725","descriptor_name":"Accelerometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061725","descriptor_name":"Accelerometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061725","descriptor_name":"Accelerometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061725","descriptor_name":"Accelerometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3514669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3514669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40030476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40030476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1577515033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V025279/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4334972499","display_name":"Programmable Sensing Composites","funder_award_id":"EP/V004654/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8233204778","display_name":"Turing AI Fellowship: Trustworthy Machine Learning","funder_award_id":"EP/V025279/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965397519","https://openalex.org/W2002204150","https://openalex.org/W2014757721","https://openalex.org/W2059361620","https://openalex.org/W2060725197","https://openalex.org/W2060761169","https://openalex.org/W2070208769","https://openalex.org/W2085071157","https://openalex.org/W2090623340","https://openalex.org/W2096709246","https://openalex.org/W2104106974","https://openalex.org/W2142301453","https://openalex.org/W2527821755","https://openalex.org/W2581129691","https://openalex.org/W2807488261","https://openalex.org/W2971793654","https://openalex.org/W3001585362","https://openalex.org/W3005130785","https://openalex.org/W3037654363","https://openalex.org/W3049181706","https://openalex.org/W3081851084","https://openalex.org/W3088309240","https://openalex.org/W3094382181","https://openalex.org/W3111669244","https://openalex.org/W3120132237","https://openalex.org/W3135238826","https://openalex.org/W3153404733","https://openalex.org/W3168789724","https://openalex.org/W3175585004","https://openalex.org/W4200499882","https://openalex.org/W4207064638","https://openalex.org/W4226023735","https://openalex.org/W4293217326","https://openalex.org/W6772383348"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091018038","https://openalex.org/W2225378543","https://openalex.org/W9839718","https://openalex.org/W3110613631","https://openalex.org/W4287122200","https://openalex.org/W2789522126","https://openalex.org/W2742744817","https://openalex.org/W2040913503","https://openalex.org/W2066693961","https://openalex.org/W2368363778"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inertial":[0],"measurement":[1],"units":[2],"(IMUs)":[3],"have":[4],"become":[5],"attractive":[6],"for":[7,121,277],"monitoring":[8],"joint":[9],"kinematics":[10,66,247],"due":[11],"to":[12,22,59,225],"their":[13,18,37],"portability":[14],"and":[15,27,39,81,93,123,157,176,217,257,274,280],"versatility.":[16],"However,":[17],"limited":[19],"accuracy,":[20],"inability":[21],"analyze":[23],"data":[24,29],"in":[25,90,143,189,243],"real-time,":[26],"complex":[28],"fusion":[30],"algorithms":[31,78],"requiring":[32],"precise":[33],"sensor-to-segment":[34],"calibrations":[35],"hinder":[36],"clinical":[38],"daily":[40],"use.":[41],"This":[42],"paper":[43],"introduces":[44],"KEEN":[45],"(KinEmatics":[46],"Estimation":[47],"Network),":[48],"an":[49],"innovative":[50],"framework":[51],"that":[52],"exploits":[53],"lightweight":[54],"artificial":[55],"neural":[56,173],"networks":[57],"(ANNs)":[58],"provide":[60,111],"real-time":[61,245],"predictions":[62],"of":[63,71,115,131,191,267,282],"multi-plane":[64],"ankle":[65,116,246,283],"using":[67,83,198],"a":[68,103,199,233,236],"minimal":[69],"number":[70],"IMUs,":[72],"without":[73],"calibration":[74],"requirements.":[75],"Five":[76],"ANN":[77],"were":[79],"developed":[80,133],"evaluated":[82],"42":[84],"inputs":[85],"derived":[86],"from":[87],"four":[88],"IMUs":[89,269],"both":[91],"intra-subject":[92,144],"inter-subject":[94,169],"tasks.":[95],"Extensive":[96],"experimental":[97],"results":[98],"yielded":[99],"exciting":[100],"findings:":[101],"even":[102],"single":[104,200],"IMU":[105,238],"located":[106],"at":[107,239],"the":[108,129,132,140,165,171,177,186,202,206,230,240,265],"heel":[109],"can":[110],"clinically":[112],"acceptable":[113],"estimations":[114,248],"kinematics,":[117],"implying":[118],"significant":[119],"potential":[120,266],"cost":[122],"energy":[124],"savings.":[125],"Statistical":[126],"analysis":[127],"demonstrated":[128],"superiority":[130],"Long":[134],"Short-Term":[135],"Memory":[136],"(LSTM)":[137],"network":[138,174],"over":[139],"other":[141,187],"models":[142,179,188],"tasks,":[145,170],"achieving":[146],"impressive":[147],"accuracy":[148,193],"(RMSE:":[149,209,249],"1.88$\\mathrm{^{\\circ":[150],"}}$$\\pm$0.02$\\mathrm{^{\\circ":[151],"}}$,":[152,156,212,216,252],"MAE:":[153,213,253],"1.41$\\mathrm{^{\\circ":[154],"}}$$\\pm$0.01$\\mathrm{^{\\circ":[155],"r2":[158,218,258],"score:":[159,219,259],"0.93$\\pm$0.01),":[160],"indicating":[161],"strong":[162],"generalization":[163,224],"within":[164],"same":[166],"subject.":[167],"In":[168],"convolutional":[172],"(CNN)":[175],"CNN-LSTM":[178],"showed":[180],"comparable":[181],"performance":[182],"but":[183],"statistically":[184],"outperformed":[185],"terms":[190],"estimation":[192],"across":[194],"various":[195],"inputs.":[196],"When":[197],"IMU,":[201],"CNN":[203,231],"model":[204],"achieved":[205],"lowest":[207],"error":[208],"4.13$\\mathrm{^{\\circ":[210],"}}$$\\pm$0.55$\\mathrm{^{\\circ":[211],"3.33$\\mathrm{^{\\circ":[214],"}}$$\\pm$0.48$\\mathrm{^{\\circ":[215,251],"0.50$\\pm$0.21),":[220],"showcasing":[221],"its":[222],"effective":[223],"new":[226],"subjects.":[227],"Furthermore,":[228],"deploying":[229],"into":[232],"microcontroller,":[234],"with":[235,270],"sinlge":[237],"heel,":[241],"resulted":[242],"promising":[244],"3.34$\\mathrm{^{\\circ":[250],"2.68$\\mathrm{^{\\circ":[254],"}}$$\\pm$0.46$\\mathrm{^{\\circ":[255],"}}$":[256],"0.63$\\pm$0.07).":[260],"Overall,":[261],"this":[262],"research":[263],"highlights":[264],"combining":[268],"ANNs":[271],"as":[272],"reliable":[273],"practical":[275],"tools":[276],"early":[278],"prevention":[279],"rehabilitation":[281],"injuries.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}