{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404238544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3495975","title":"SleepECG-Net: Explainable Deep Learning Approach With ECG for Pediatric Sleep Apnea Diagnosis","display_name":"SleepECG-Net: Explainable Deep Learning Approach With ECG for Pediatric Sleep Apnea Diagnosis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404238544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3495975","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39527413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3495975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3495975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/10324/81356/2/Manuscript_final.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070651569","display_name":"Clara Garc\u00eda-Vicente","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9805-0011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Clara Garc\u00eda-Vicente","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal 7, Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9805-0011","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal 7, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012085808","display_name":"Gonzalo C. Guti\u00e9rrez\u2010Tobal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1237-3424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gonzalo C. Guti\u00e9rrez-Tobal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal 7, Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal 7, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026434545","display_name":"Fernando Vaquerizo-Villar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5898-2006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157802","display_name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/04fffmj41","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157802"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Vaquerizo-Villar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario of Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5898-2006","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario of Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033371625","display_name":"Adri\u00e1n Mart\u00edn\u2010Montero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8628-4563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adri\u00e1n Mart\u00edn-Montero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal 7, Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8628-4563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal 7, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043623030","display_name":"David Gozal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-6036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88694374","display_name":"Marshall University","ror":"https://ror.org/02erqft81","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88694374"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Gozal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of The Dean and the Department of Pediatrics, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA","Department of Pediatrics, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Dr, Huntington, WV, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-6036","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of The Dean and the Department of Pediatrics, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88694374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Dr, Huntington, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88694374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043513390","display_name":"Roberto Hornero","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Hornero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal 7, Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal 7, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070651569"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7671,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91286769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"1021","last_page":"1034"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9689000248908997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9689000248908997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5408892631530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5245940089225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-apnea","display_name":"Sleep apnea","score":0.5231860280036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apnea","display_name":"Apnea","score":0.5060335993766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrocardiography","display_name":"Electrocardiography","score":0.48650306463241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4836888909339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.42970070242881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36925357580184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.25697726011276245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5408892631530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5245940089225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777935920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213600","display_name":"Sleep apnea","level":2,"score":0.5231860280036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781326671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754424","display_name":"Apnea","level":2,"score":0.5060335993766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79785","display_name":"Electrocardiography","level":2,"score":0.48650306463241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4836888909339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.42970070242881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36925357580184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.25697726011276245}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3495975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3495975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39527413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39527413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/39108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10902/39108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400398","display_name":"UCrea (University of Cantabria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13134134","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Cantabria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, 2025, 29(2), 1021-1034","raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uvadoc.uva.es:10324/81356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/81356","pdf_url":"https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/10324/81356/2/Manuscript_final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196373","display_name":"UVaDOC Documentary Repository (University of Valladolid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uvadoc.uva.es:10324/81356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/81356","pdf_url":"https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/10324/81356/2/Manuscript_final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196373","display_name":"UVaDOC Documentary Repository (University of Valladolid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1137829554","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HL083075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1572479763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HL46380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1622782223","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G195582970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1 RR024989","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2260006100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0043_NET4SLEEP_2_E","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337753","funder_display_name":"Interreg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2765202425","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-2027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2862297731","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R24 HL114473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3290784709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"75N92019R002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G333441307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HL083129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3618234253","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-115468RB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3779662906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334923","funder_display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3915875841","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R24 HL114473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3990393904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-2027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337753","funder_display_name":"Interreg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4162086006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1-RR-024134","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4249524944","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HL114473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4333156329","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RO1-46380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4949749077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1-RR-024134","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5534187794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RR024989","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5535472543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32-HL07567","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6731524417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6894480289","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"M01 RR00080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7511203839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"75N92019R002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8183162102","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1 RR024989","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8503085978","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-2027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G981631975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"M01 RR00080-39","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324500","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334923","display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","ror":"https://ror.org/00ca2c886"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337753","display_name":"Interreg","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404238544.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W275101382","https://openalex.org/W1494365440","https://openalex.org/W1545241942","https://openalex.org/W1977109174","https://openalex.org/W2002548008","https://openalex.org/W2004635300","https://openalex.org/W2024740006","https://openalex.org/W2025183033","https://openalex.org/W2026761333","https://openalex.org/W2027849420","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2061276092","https://openalex.org/W2076626777","https://openalex.org/W2087225497","https://openalex.org/W2106401521","https://openalex.org/W2106512780","https://openalex.org/W2107391591","https://openalex.org/W2124658519","https://openalex.org/W2130465845","https://openalex.org/W2136148671","https://openalex.org/W2148081915","https://openalex.org/W2169308965","https://openalex.org/W2336769383","https://openalex.org/W2616247523","https://openalex.org/W2741958707","https://openalex.org/W2892837773","https://openalex.org/W2900019067","https://openalex.org/W2902501142","https://openalex.org/W2948082154","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2985634329","https://openalex.org/W2995516697","https://openalex.org/W3086701156","https://openalex.org/W3105527155","https://openalex.org/W3120723148","https://openalex.org/W3138197503","https://openalex.org/W3153918538","https://openalex.org/W3186028383","https://openalex.org/W3189696475","https://openalex.org/W3197346655","https://openalex.org/W4206917483","https://openalex.org/W4283704670","https://openalex.org/W4294214983","https://openalex.org/W4297399257","https://openalex.org/W4304607872","https://openalex.org/W4311035337","https://openalex.org/W4313361314","https://openalex.org/W4316259376","https://openalex.org/W4317387717","https://openalex.org/W4384202322","https://openalex.org/W4386319782","https://openalex.org/W4387207803","https://openalex.org/W4387911110","https://openalex.org/W4392358908","https://openalex.org/W4401944792"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380075502","https://openalex.org/W1481679924","https://openalex.org/W2268943783","https://openalex.org/W2933756203","https://openalex.org/W2334628610","https://openalex.org/W2990628615","https://openalex.org/W4285049360","https://openalex.org/W1973318088","https://openalex.org/W3159087937","https://openalex.org/W2317638083"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Obstructive":[0],"sleep":[1],"apnea":[2],"(OSA)":[3],"in":[4,24,64,153,242,250],"children":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7,53],"prevalent":[8],"and":[9,26,71,100,121,128,151,156,188,214,219,245],"serious":[10],"respiratory":[11],"condition":[12],"linked":[13,181],"to":[14,29,96,105,182],"cardiovascular":[15,170,208],"morbidity.":[16],"Polysomnography,":[17],"the":[18,112,129,175],"standard":[19],"diagnostic":[20,142],"approach,":[21],"faces":[22],"challenges":[23],"accessibility":[25],"complexity,":[27],"leading":[28],"underdiagnosis.":[30],"To":[31],"simplify":[32],"OSA":[33,62,141,229],"diagnosis,":[34],"deep":[35],"learning":[36],"(DL)":[37],"algorithms":[38],"have":[39],"been":[40],"developed":[41],"using":[42],"cardiac":[43,234],"signals,":[44],"but":[45],"they":[46],"often":[47],"lack":[48],"interpretability.":[49],"Our":[50],"study":[51],"introduces":[52],"novel":[54],"interpretable":[55],"DL":[56],"approach":[57,225],"(SleepECG-Net)":[58],"for":[59],"directly":[60],"estimating":[61],"severity":[63,166],"at-risk":[65],"children.":[66],"A":[67],"combination":[68],"of":[69,132,148,177,198],"convolutional":[70],"recurrent":[72],"neural":[73],"networks":[74],"(CNN-RNN)":[75],"was":[76,94],"trained":[77],"on":[78,196],"overnight":[79],"electrocardiogram":[80],"(ECG)":[81],"signals.":[82],"Gradient-weighted":[83],"Class":[84],"Activation":[85],"Mapping":[86],"(Grad-CAM),":[87],"an":[88],"eXplainable":[89],"Artificial":[90],"Intelligence":[91],"(XAI)":[92],"algorithm,":[93],"applied":[95],"explain":[97],"model":[98],"decisions":[99],"extract":[101],"ECG":[102,109,179,190,205],"patterns":[103,191,206],"relevant":[104],"pediatric":[106,228],"OSA.":[107],"Accordingly,":[108],"signals":[110],"from":[111],"semi-public":[113],"Childhood":[114],"Adenotonsillectomy":[115],"Trial":[116],"(CHAT,":[117],"n":[118,135],"=":[119,126,136],"1610)":[120],"Cleveland":[122],"Family":[123],"Study":[124],"(CFS,n":[125],"64),":[127],"private":[130],"University":[131],"Chicago":[133],"(UofC,":[134],"981)":[137],"databases":[138],"were":[139],"used.":[140],"performance":[143,163],"reached":[144],"4-class":[145],"Cohen's":[146],"Kappa":[147],"0.410,":[149],"0.335,":[150],"0.249":[152],"CHAT,":[154],"UofC,":[155],"CFS,":[157],"respectively.":[158],"The":[159],"proposal":[160],"demonstrated":[161],"improved":[162],"with":[164,168],"increased":[165],"along":[167],"heightened":[169],"risk.":[171],"XAI":[172],"findings":[173],"highlighted":[174],"detection":[176],"established":[178],"features":[180],"OSA,":[183],"such":[184,210],"as":[185,211],"bradycardia-tachycardia":[186],"events":[187],"delayed":[189],"during":[192],"apnea/hypopnea":[193],"occurrences,":[194],"focusing":[195],"clusters":[197],"events.":[199],"Furthermore,":[200],"Grad-CAM":[201],"heatmaps":[202],"identified":[203],"potential":[204],"indicating":[207],"risk,":[209],"P,":[212],"T,":[213],"U":[215],"waves,":[216],"QT":[217],"intervals,":[218],"QRS":[220],"complex":[221],"variations.":[222],"Hence,":[223],"SleepECG-Net":[224],"may":[226],"improve":[227],"diagnosis":[230],"by":[231],"also":[232],"offering":[233],"risk":[235],"factor":[236],"information,":[237],"thereby":[238],"increasing":[239],"clinician":[240],"confidence":[241],"automated":[243],"systems,":[244],"promoting":[246],"their":[247],"effective":[248],"adoption":[249],"clinical":[251],"practice.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-12T08:28:47.272897","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}