{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403936881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3489626","title":"HepNet: Deep Neural Network for Classification of Early-Stage Hepatic Steatosis Using Microwave Signals","display_name":"HepNet: Deep Neural Network for Classification of Early-Stage Hepatic Steatosis Using Microwave Signals","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403936881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3489626","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39480722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3489626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3489626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087797740","display_name":"Sazid Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7489-2118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sazid Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7489-2118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018651666","display_name":"Aida Brankovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7978-575X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141844","display_name":"Australian e-Health Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywhbc61","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801244131","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210141844","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aida Brankovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO&#x0027;s Australian E-Health Research Center, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","CSIRO&#x0027;s Australian E-Health Research Center, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7978-575X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO&#x0027;s Australian E-Health Research Center, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141844"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO&#x0027;s Australian E-Health Research Center, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141844","https://openalex.org/I165143802","https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101540530","display_name":"Md. Abdul Awal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3028-4932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Abdul Awal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3028-4932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001401100","display_name":"Sasan Ahdi Rezaeieh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7416-4775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sasan Ahdi Rezaeieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7416-4775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013611451","display_name":"Shelley E. Keating","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5357-2721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shelley E. Keating","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5357-2721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017903283","display_name":"Amin Abbosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-5883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin M. Abbosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-5883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078254772","display_name":"Ali Zamani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9333-1826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Zamani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9333-1826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6658,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73489028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"142","last_page":"151"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9557999968528748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9557999968528748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steatosis","display_name":"Steatosis","score":0.7826159000396729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5922682285308838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.558700442314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.5573893785476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5509827733039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41606405377388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41253918409347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2225065529346466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.161984384059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.156667560338974}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365091","display_name":"Steatosis","level":2,"score":0.7826159000396729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5922682285308838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.558700442314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5573893785476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5509827733039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41606405377388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41253918409347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2225065529346466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.161984384059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.156667560338974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008872","descriptor_name":"Microwaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008872","descriptor_name":"Microwaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008872","descriptor_name":"Microwaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008872","descriptor_name":"Microwaves","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3489626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3489626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39480722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39480722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1884663465","https://openalex.org/W1976749751","https://openalex.org/W1982137465","https://openalex.org/W1982637519","https://openalex.org/W2018265574","https://openalex.org/W2037497826","https://openalex.org/W2089918690","https://openalex.org/W2096684483","https://openalex.org/W2204688218","https://openalex.org/W2282720357","https://openalex.org/W2559785631","https://openalex.org/W2580009538","https://openalex.org/W2588823181","https://openalex.org/W2982496624","https://openalex.org/W3012775100","https://openalex.org/W3097085644","https://openalex.org/W3139434924","https://openalex.org/W3142647048","https://openalex.org/W3199340922","https://openalex.org/W3206948891","https://openalex.org/W3210027319","https://openalex.org/W4212989639","https://openalex.org/W4295916569","https://openalex.org/W4312105602","https://openalex.org/W4312195565","https://openalex.org/W4313525420","https://openalex.org/W4381848486","https://openalex.org/W4383066372","https://openalex.org/W4385232428","https://openalex.org/W4385488529","https://openalex.org/W4386186008","https://openalex.org/W4387917868","https://openalex.org/W4392882501","https://openalex.org/W4393085956","https://openalex.org/W4399249411","https://openalex.org/W4400033773","https://openalex.org/W6739651123","https://openalex.org/W6766991479"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2601157893","https://openalex.org/W2373006798","https://openalex.org/W2131735617","https://openalex.org/W2056912418","https://openalex.org/W2123759770","https://openalex.org/W2033213769","https://openalex.org/W4312376745","https://openalex.org/W2136016640","https://openalex.org/W2049538278","https://openalex.org/W2886173746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hepatic":[0],"steatosis,":[1],"a":[2,17,45,50,109],"key":[3],"factor":[4],"in":[5,79],"chronic":[6],"liver":[7,153],"diseases,":[8],"is":[9,67],"difficult":[10],"to":[11,37,40,133,136],"diagnose":[12],"early.":[13],"This":[14],"study":[15],"introduces":[16],"classifier":[18],"for":[19,69,87,114,150,163],"hepatic":[20],"steatosis":[21],"using":[22],"microwave":[23,32,152],"technology,":[24],"validated":[25],"through":[26],"clinical":[27,137,172],"trials.":[28],"Our":[29,101],"method":[30],"uses":[31,76],"signals":[33],"and":[34,56,71,82,91,94,108,125,161,165],"deep":[35],"learning":[36,132],"improve":[38],"detection":[39],"reliable":[41],"results.":[42],"It":[43],"includes":[44],"pipeline":[46],"with":[47,63,116,139],"simulation":[48,60,102],"data,":[49,61],"new":[51],"deep-learning":[52],"model":[53],"called":[54],"HepNet,":[55],"transfer":[57,131],"learning.":[58],"The":[59],"created":[62],"3D":[64],"electromagnetic":[65],"tools,":[66],"used":[68],"training":[70],"evaluating":[72],"the":[73,98,148],"model.":[74],"HepNet":[75,135,155],"skip":[77],"connections":[78],"convolutional":[80],"layers":[81,86],"two":[83,151],"fully":[84],"connected":[85],"better":[88],"feature":[89],"extraction":[90],"generalization.":[92],"Calibration":[93],"uncertainty":[95],"assessments":[96],"ensure":[97],"model's":[99],"robustness.":[100],"achieved":[103,156],"an":[104],"F1-score":[105],"of":[106,112,159],"0.91":[107],"confidence":[110],"level":[111],"0.97":[113],"classifications":[115],"entropy":[117],"\u22640.1,":[118],"outperforming":[119],"traditional":[120],"models":[121],"like":[122],"LeNet":[123],"(0.81)":[124],"ResNet":[126],"(0.87).":[127],"We":[128],"also":[129],"use":[130],"adapt":[134],"data":[138],"limited":[140],"patient":[141,167],"samples.":[142],"Using":[143],"<sup":[144],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[145],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sup>H-MRS":[146],"as":[147],"standard":[149],"scanners,":[154],"high":[157],"F1-scores":[158],"0.95":[160],"0.88":[162],"94":[164],"158":[166],"samples,":[168],"respectively,":[169],"showing":[170],"its":[171],"potential.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
