{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399526764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3412716","title":"SNER: Semi-Supervised Named Entity Recognition for Large Volume of Diabetes Data","display_name":"SNER: Semi-Supervised Named Entity Recognition for Large Volume of Diabetes Data","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399526764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3412716","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38861441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3412716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3412716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057907183","display_name":"Jingyi Zuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingyi Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Communication Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Communication Technology, and the School of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Communication Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Communication Technology, and the School of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032970558","display_name":"Qijie Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8607-3966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qijie Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Communication Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Communication Technology, and the School of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8607-3966","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Communication Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Communication Technology, and the School of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4311-3772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China","Department of Information, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4311-3772","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070813586","display_name":"Shan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8417-7588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Outpatient Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Outpatient Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374415","display_name":"Bo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3226-388X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71270174","display_name":"Victoria University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j757h98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71270174"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Arts, Business, Law Education, and Information Technology, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","College of Arts, Business, Law Education, and Information Technology, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3226-388X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Arts, Business, Law Education, and Information Technology, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71270174"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Arts, Business, Law Education, and Information Technology, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71270174"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101476445","display_name":"Yongan Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1388-6771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Communication Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Communication Technology, and the School of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1388-6771","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Communication Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Communication Technology, and the School of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057907183"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6623,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73262778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"6","first_page":"3942","last_page":"3955"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7223686575889587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.5769372582435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5381971001625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4245995581150055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3456001281738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3262184262275696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7223686575889587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5769372582435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5381971001625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4245995581150055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3456001281738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3262184262275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3412716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3412716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38861441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38861441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.vu.edu.au:48933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vuir.vu.edu.au/48933/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400215","display_name":"Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","host_organization_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048468185","https://openalex.org/W2062908157","https://openalex.org/W2114361266","https://openalex.org/W2123512824","https://openalex.org/W2162461580","https://openalex.org/W2605215742","https://openalex.org/W2769387903","https://openalex.org/W2807800730","https://openalex.org/W2911462778","https://openalex.org/W2912691650","https://openalex.org/W2957763665","https://openalex.org/W2963140597","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2975907168","https://openalex.org/W2976476443","https://openalex.org/W3005056635","https://openalex.org/W3008227503","https://openalex.org/W3010919326","https://openalex.org/W3023618320","https://openalex.org/W3038098779","https://openalex.org/W3043747042","https://openalex.org/W3090138008","https://openalex.org/W3093657314","https://openalex.org/W3098383912","https://openalex.org/W3099950029","https://openalex.org/W3106920072","https://openalex.org/W3123115705","https://openalex.org/W3128286744","https://openalex.org/W3128556507","https://openalex.org/W3138408498","https://openalex.org/W3157876196","https://openalex.org/W3165374601","https://openalex.org/W3167324926","https://openalex.org/W3170182517","https://openalex.org/W3175234986","https://openalex.org/W3189857991","https://openalex.org/W3193273225","https://openalex.org/W3195252999","https://openalex.org/W3200787399","https://openalex.org/W3208182228","https://openalex.org/W3210381198","https://openalex.org/W3212769596","https://openalex.org/W3213591530","https://openalex.org/W3213921583","https://openalex.org/W3216742254","https://openalex.org/W4200026682","https://openalex.org/W4200150102","https://openalex.org/W4214680919","https://openalex.org/W4224244950","https://openalex.org/W4224988036","https://openalex.org/W4226436348","https://openalex.org/W4281858832","https://openalex.org/W4285308718","https://openalex.org/W4382202604","https://openalex.org/W4385570099","https://openalex.org/W4385571496","https://openalex.org/W4385572195","https://openalex.org/W4385572421","https://openalex.org/W6635275303","https://openalex.org/W6688167117","https://openalex.org/W6751795543","https://openalex.org/W6761672038","https://openalex.org/W6768248635","https://openalex.org/W6783815107","https://openalex.org/W6788329692","https://openalex.org/W6788912335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2798121181","https://openalex.org/W2016805743","https://openalex.org/W4242592912","https://openalex.org/W435830328","https://openalex.org/W2087896742","https://openalex.org/W1989025965","https://openalex.org/W2328676785","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"medical":[1,48],"literature":[2],"and":[3,13,90,145,155,161],"records":[4],"on":[5,110,142,178],"diabetes":[6,11,21,62,116,181],"provide":[7],"crucial":[8,24],"resources":[9],"for":[10,115],"prevention":[12],"treatment.":[14],"However,":[15,50],"extracting":[16],"entities":[17],"from":[18],"these":[19],"textual":[20],"data":[22,80,117,125],"is":[23,52],"but":[25],"challenging.":[26],"Named":[27],"entity":[28],"recognition":[29],"(NER)":[30],"-":[31,40],"an":[32],"important":[33],"corner-stone":[34],"technology":[35],"of":[36,56,78,87,95,123,130,132,175],"natural":[37],"language":[38],"processing":[39],"has":[41],"been":[42],"studied":[43],"well":[44],"in":[45,69],"the":[46,70,75,85,92,128,138,150,153,172,187],"general":[47],"field.":[49],"there":[51,65],"still":[53],"a":[54,105],"lack":[55,86,131],"effective":[57],"NER":[58,107],"methods":[59],"to":[60,81,126,148,170],"handle":[61],"data.":[63,134],"Briefly,":[64],"are":[66],"three":[67],"challenges":[68],"real":[71],"world,":[72],"including":[73],"1)":[74],"large":[76,121],"volume":[77],"diabetes-related":[79],"be":[82],"processed,":[83],"2)":[84],"labeled":[88,133],"data,":[89],"3)":[91],"high":[93],"costs":[94],"manual":[96],"labeling.":[97],"To":[98],"mitigate":[99],"those":[100],"challenges,":[101],"this":[102],"paper":[103],"proposes":[104],"novel":[106],"method":[108],"based":[109,141],"semi-supervised":[111],"learning,":[112],"namely":[113],"SNER,":[114],"processing.":[118],"It":[119],"utilizes":[120,166],"amounts":[122],"unlabeled":[124],"solve":[127],"problem":[129],"Specifically,":[135],"it":[136,165],"filters":[137],"predicted":[139],"labels":[140],"their":[143],"confidence":[144],"uncertainty":[146],"scores":[147],"reduce":[149],"noise":[151],"entering":[152],"model":[154],"divide":[156],"them":[157],"into":[158],"positive":[159],"pseudo-labels":[160,168],"negative":[162,167],"pseudo-labels.":[163,176],"Also,":[164],"reasonably":[169],"improve":[171],"training":[173],"effect":[174],"Experiments":[177],"two":[179],"public":[180],"datasets":[182],"show":[183],"that":[184],"SNER":[185],"achieves":[186],"best":[188],"performance":[189],"compared":[190],"with":[191],"existing":[192],"state-of-the-art":[193],"models.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}