{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4398788535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3404877","title":"RawECGNet: Deep Learning Generalization for Atrial Fibrillation Detection From the Raw ECG","display_name":"RawECGNet: Deep Learning Generalization for Atrial Fibrillation Detection From the Raw ECG","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4398788535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3404877","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38787663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3404877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3404877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107808128","display_name":"Noam Ben-Moshe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2551-4313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noam Ben-Moshe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel","Faculty of Computer Science and the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2551-4313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024662766","display_name":"Kenta Tsutsui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5121-6974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8588240","display_name":"Saitama Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zb31v77","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8588240"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenta Tsutsui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5121-6974","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8588240"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099566190","display_name":"Shany Biton Brimer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shany Biton Brimer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-0826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001486389","display_name":"Eran Zvuloni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-7927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eran Zvuloni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-7927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052426139","display_name":"Leif S\u00f6rnmo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8524-2292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leif S\u00f6rnmo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8524-2292","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091624431","display_name":"Joachim A. Behar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5956-7034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joachim A. Behar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5956-7034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.5608,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9839523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"9","first_page":"5180","last_page":"5188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.8348000049591064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.8348000049591064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10065","display_name":"Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes","score":0.14249999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11217","display_name":"Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7122874855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6645036935806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5899041891098022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5750432014465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrial-fibrillation","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","score":0.537872850894928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrial-flutter","display_name":"Atrial flutter","score":0.5352168083190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5171703696250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19164305925369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.16150471568107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.1410025954246521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7122874855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6645036935806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5899041891098022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5750432014465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779161974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815819","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","level":2,"score":0.537872850894928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778292772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1506572","display_name":"Atrial flutter","level":3,"score":0.5352168083190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5171703696250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19164305925369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16150471568107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1410025954246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001281","descriptor_name":"Atrial Fibrillation","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001281","descriptor_name":"Atrial Fibrillation","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001281","descriptor_name":"Atrial Fibrillation","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001281","descriptor_name":"Atrial Fibrillation","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001281","descriptor_name":"Atrial Fibrillation","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001281","descriptor_name":"Atrial Fibrillation","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001281","descriptor_name":"Atrial Fibrillation","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001281","descriptor_name":"Atrial Fibrillation","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3404877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3404877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38787663","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38787663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:0e6b1c76-5bd3-48d8-96ca-b9904cefb535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/0e6b1c76-5bd3-48d8-96ca-b9904cefb535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 2168-2194","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009256127","https://openalex.org/W2013007765","https://openalex.org/W2021044602","https://openalex.org/W2038436648","https://openalex.org/W2147018083","https://openalex.org/W2155103273","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2251482333","https://openalex.org/W2804664570","https://openalex.org/W2893892260","https://openalex.org/W2895333514","https://openalex.org/W3015226328","https://openalex.org/W3082188176","https://openalex.org/W3087766882","https://openalex.org/W3093397767","https://openalex.org/W3099085560","https://openalex.org/W3108190930","https://openalex.org/W3137700257","https://openalex.org/W3166413374","https://openalex.org/W4206135956","https://openalex.org/W4206338324","https://openalex.org/W4224797805","https://openalex.org/W4296251787","https://openalex.org/W4310710101","https://openalex.org/W4327811732","https://openalex.org/W4365509481","https://openalex.org/W4379537722","https://openalex.org/W4385783820","https://openalex.org/W4388440183","https://openalex.org/W4388585536","https://openalex.org/W4402509013","https://openalex.org/W6678910082","https://openalex.org/W6810790459","https://openalex.org/W6851269200","https://openalex.org/W6854571565","https://openalex.org/W6858086786","https://openalex.org/W6859125243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2916669046","https://openalex.org/W2113585844","https://openalex.org/W2802841177","https://openalex.org/W3162204513","https://openalex.org/W2047263140","https://openalex.org/W2518330835","https://openalex.org/W2808283081","https://openalex.org/W2985139050","https://openalex.org/W1978093411","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Deep":[1],"learning":[2,66,115],"models":[3,51],"for":[4,98,130,162,173],"detecting":[5],"episodes":[6,72],"of":[7,31,49,73,89,141,175],"atrial":[8,76],"fibrillation":[9],"(AF)":[10],"using":[11,79],"rhythm":[12,121,184],"information":[13,34,122,181],"in":[14,101,134,139,147,151,156,160],"long-term":[15],"ambulatory":[16],"ECG":[17,39],"recordings":[18],"have":[19,62],"shown":[20],"high":[21],"performance.":[22],"However,":[23],"the":[24,32,37,42,47,80,86,128,131,135,142],"rhythm-based":[25],"approach":[26],"does":[27],"not":[28],"take":[29],"advantage":[30],"morphological":[33],"conveyed":[35],"by":[36],"different":[38,132],"waveforms,":[40],"particularly":[41],"f-waves.":[43],"As":[44],"a":[45,64,112,169],"result,":[46],"performance":[48,88],"such":[50],"may":[52],"be":[53],"inherently":[54],"limited.":[55],"METHODS:":[56],"To":[57],"address":[58],"this":[59],"limitation,":[60],"we":[61],"developed":[63],"deep":[65,114],"model,":[67,116],"named":[68,117],"RawECGNet,":[69,127],"to":[70,154],"detect":[71],"AF":[74,176],"and":[75,104,149,158,177,185],"flutter":[77],"(AFl)":[78],"raw,":[81],"single-lead":[82],"ECG.":[83],"We":[84],"compare":[85],"generalization":[87],"RawECGNet":[90,107,167],"on":[91,182],"two":[92],"external":[93,136],"data":[94],"sets":[95,138],"that":[96],"account":[97],"distribution":[99],"shifts":[100],"geography,":[102],"ethnicity,":[103],"lead":[105],"position.":[106],"is":[108],"further":[109],"benchmarked":[110],"against":[111],"state-of-the-art":[113],"ArNet2,":[118],"which":[119],"utilizes":[120],"as":[123,168],"input.":[124],"RESULTS:":[125],"Using":[126],"results":[129,165],"leads":[133],"test":[137],"terms":[140],"F1":[143],"score":[144],"were":[145],"0.91-0.94":[146],"RBDB":[148,157],"0.93":[150],"SHDB,":[152],"compared":[153],"0.89-0.91":[155],"0.91":[159],"SHDB":[161],"ArNet2.":[163],"The":[164],"highlight":[166],"high-performance,":[170],"generalizable":[171],"algorithm":[172],"detection":[174],"AFl":[178],"episodes,":[179],"exploiting":[180],"both":[183],"morphology.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
