{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392902694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3375894","title":"Explainable Federated Medical Image Analysis Through Causal Learning and Blockchain","display_name":"Explainable Federated Medical Image Analysis Through Causal Learning and Blockchain","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392902694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3375894","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38470597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3375894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3375894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050556544","display_name":"Junsheng Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5352-8314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junsheng Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023362889","display_name":"Michel Kadoch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7558-1589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49663120","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec","ror":"https://ror.org/010gxg263","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Kadoch","raw_affiliation_strings":["&#x00C9;cole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure, University of Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"&#x00C9;cole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure, University of Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042100540","display_name":"Tongtong Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8224-9891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongtong Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072893919","display_name":"Wenzhe Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3814-4216"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhe Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Central Depository &amp; Clearing Company Ltd., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Central Depository &amp; Clearing Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409422","display_name":"Qiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-3424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443970","display_name":"Bohan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7686-8605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bohan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050556544"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5218,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98314711,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"6","first_page":"3206","last_page":"3218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9183322191238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8400348424911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5367072820663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5347921252250671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5322254300117493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4520147740840912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4120677709579468}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9183322191238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8400348424911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5367072820663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5347921252250671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5322254300117493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4520147740840912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4120677709579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3375894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3375894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38470597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38470597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace2.etsmtl.ca:28519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://espace2.etsmtl.ca/id/eprint/28519/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402392","display_name":"Espace \u00c9TS (ETS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","host_organization_name":"Educational Testing Service","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article publi\u00e9 dans une revue, r\u00e9vis\u00e9 par les pairs"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4194727248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049522781","https://openalex.org/W2106033751","https://openalex.org/W2958089299","https://openalex.org/W3004531689","https://openalex.org/W3047245989","https://openalex.org/W3091075746","https://openalex.org/W3099805905","https://openalex.org/W3100779497","https://openalex.org/W3128108456","https://openalex.org/W3129603732","https://openalex.org/W3163893137","https://openalex.org/W3164900515","https://openalex.org/W3180884825","https://openalex.org/W3215572174","https://openalex.org/W4200635003","https://openalex.org/W4210894459","https://openalex.org/W4223622367","https://openalex.org/W4224227775","https://openalex.org/W4225423421","https://openalex.org/W4225978071","https://openalex.org/W4226149995","https://openalex.org/W4226380048","https://openalex.org/W4280564713","https://openalex.org/W4286210752","https://openalex.org/W4315630289","https://openalex.org/W4323897057","https://openalex.org/W4361983129","https://openalex.org/W4384787634","https://openalex.org/W4386590770","https://openalex.org/W4388505123","https://openalex.org/W4390604928","https://openalex.org/W6754332461","https://openalex.org/W6789305514"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W4388685194","https://openalex.org/W4312407344","https://openalex.org/W1986582023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"learning":[1,8,54,115],"(FL)":[2],"enables":[3],"collaborative":[4],"training":[5],"of":[6,81],"machine":[7],"models":[9],"across":[10],"distributed":[11],"medical":[12,22,150],"data":[13,32,92,126],"sources":[14],"without":[15],"compromising":[16],"privacy.":[17],"However,":[18],"applying":[19],"FL":[20,38,106,144],"to":[21],"image":[23,151],"analysis":[24],"presents":[25],"challenges":[26],"like":[27],"high":[28],"communication":[29,67,118],"overhead":[30,119],"and":[31,48,72,111,140],"heterogeneity.":[33],"This":[34],"paper":[35],"proposes":[36],"novel":[37],"techniques":[39],"using":[40],"explainable":[41],"artificial":[42],"intelligence":[43],"(XAI)":[44],"for":[45,146],"efficient,":[46],"accurate,":[47],"trustworthy":[49],"analysis.":[50,152],"A":[51],"heterogeneity-aware":[52],"causal":[53,63,114],"approach":[55],"selectively":[56],"sparsifies":[57],"model":[58,99,138],"weights":[59,89],"based":[60],"on":[61],"their":[62],"contributions,":[64],"significantly":[65],"reducing":[66],"requirements":[68],"while":[69,120],"retaining":[70],"performance":[71],"improving":[73,98],"interpretability.":[74,112],"Furthermore,":[75],"blockchain":[76],"provides":[77,136],"decentralized":[78],"quality":[79],"assessment":[80,85],"client":[82],"datasets.":[83,133],"The":[84,113,124],"scores":[86],"adjust":[87],"aggregation":[88],"so":[90],"higher-quality":[91],"has":[93],"more":[94],"influence":[95],"during":[96],"training,":[97],"generalization.":[100],"Comprehensive":[101],"experiments":[102],"show":[103],"our":[104],"XAI-integrated":[105],"framework":[107,135],"enhances":[108],"efficiency,":[109],"accuracy":[110],"method":[116],"decreases":[117],"maintaining":[121],"segmentation":[122],"accuracy.":[123],"blockchain-based":[125],"valuation":[127],"mitigates":[128],"issues":[129],"from":[130],"low-quality":[131],"local":[132],"Our":[134],"essential":[137],"explanations":[139],"trust":[141],"mechanisms,":[142],"making":[143],"viable":[145],"clinical":[147],"adoption":[148],"in":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
