{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392406246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3372649","title":"Developmental Prediction of Poststroke Patients in Activities of Daily Living by Using Tree-Structured Parzen Estimator\u2013Optimized Stacking Ensemble Approaches","display_name":"Developmental Prediction of Poststroke Patients in Activities of Daily Living by Using Tree-Structured Parzen Estimator\u2013Optimized Stacking Ensemble Approaches","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392406246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3372649","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38437144"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3372649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3372649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101992167","display_name":"Pei-Hua Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8992-6705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184693016","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00v408z34","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184693016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093006","display_name":"An-Nan Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00ew3x319","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093006"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pei-Hua Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8992-6705","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093006","https://openalex.org/I184693016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061491967","display_name":"Ping\u2010Huan Kuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5125-4420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping-Huan Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan","Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5125-4420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751227","display_name":"Kuan-Lin Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309796872","display_name":"National Pingtung University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z698x91","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309796872"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuan-Lin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Robotics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0491-5713","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Robotics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309796872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101992167"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184693016","https://openalex.org/I4210093006"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8536,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90899818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"5","first_page":"2745","last_page":"2758"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10227","display_name":"Acute Ischemic Stroke Management","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10227","display_name":"Acute Ischemic Stroke Management","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7780446410179138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.723684549331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activities-of-daily-living","display_name":"Activities of daily living","score":0.6506911516189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.6382991075515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.6363259553909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6137641072273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5796281695365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5541872382164001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","score":0.5250691771507263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5009467601776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.4459993541240692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.43317604064941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3939395546913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.22331619262695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.20077946782112122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.19542670249938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16202595829963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13123267889022827}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7780446410179138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.723684549331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79544238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423243","display_name":"Activities of daily living","level":2,"score":0.6506911516189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.6382991075515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.6363259553909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6137641072273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5796281695365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5541872382164001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.5250691771507263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5009467601776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.4459993541240692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.43317604064941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3939395546913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.22331619262695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20077946782112122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.19542670249938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16202595829963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13123267889022827}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3372649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3372649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38437144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38437144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1219142912","https://openalex.org/W1540007258","https://openalex.org/W1759295505","https://openalex.org/W2000239378","https://openalex.org/W2080562691","https://openalex.org/W2154029067","https://openalex.org/W2177225776","https://openalex.org/W2216946510","https://openalex.org/W2270330859","https://openalex.org/W2766585573","https://openalex.org/W2781666465","https://openalex.org/W2802066198","https://openalex.org/W2805480334","https://openalex.org/W2924610876","https://openalex.org/W2937172153","https://openalex.org/W2940163136","https://openalex.org/W2974601051","https://openalex.org/W2988847635","https://openalex.org/W2995509945","https://openalex.org/W2997979093","https://openalex.org/W2998185082","https://openalex.org/W3002800698","https://openalex.org/W3003712552","https://openalex.org/W3004361679","https://openalex.org/W3010738524","https://openalex.org/W3011124015","https://openalex.org/W3015258288","https://openalex.org/W3024621094","https://openalex.org/W3033146450","https://openalex.org/W3086068934","https://openalex.org/W3089691165","https://openalex.org/W3096169958","https://openalex.org/W3111530507","https://openalex.org/W3112829694","https://openalex.org/W3122226502","https://openalex.org/W3126701990","https://openalex.org/W3130777809","https://openalex.org/W3188788033","https://openalex.org/W4200395617","https://openalex.org/W4210860392","https://openalex.org/W4220687132","https://openalex.org/W4244895750","https://openalex.org/W4295046702","https://openalex.org/W4308368594","https://openalex.org/W4388018781","https://openalex.org/W6628018977"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327035729","https://openalex.org/W2348748958","https://openalex.org/W3039673966","https://openalex.org/W1538046993","https://openalex.org/W2884325279","https://openalex.org/W1570592793","https://openalex.org/W1525436954","https://openalex.org/W2385662756","https://openalex.org/W2585372724","https://openalex.org/W2241444561"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Poststroke":[0],"injuries":[1],"limit":[2],"the":[3,14,49,55,61,64,76,98,119,127,137,142,148,174,190],"daily":[4,17],"activities":[5,15],"of":[6,16,21,63,112,121,170,192],"patients":[7,22,50,193],"and":[8,36,42,110,158],"cause":[9],"considerable":[10],"inconvenience.":[11],"Therefore,":[12],"predicting":[13,189],"living":[18],"(ADL)":[19],"results":[20,149],"with":[23,194],"stroke":[24,195],"before":[25],"hospital":[26,44,197],"discharge":[27,45],"can":[28,181],"assist":[29,185],"clinical":[30,186],"workers":[31,187],"in":[32,126,188],"formulating":[33],"more":[34],"personalized":[35],"effective":[37],"strategies":[38],"for":[39],"therapeutic":[40],"intervention,":[41],"prepare":[43],"plans":[46],"that":[47,151],"suit":[48],"needs.":[51],"This":[52],"study":[53,172],"used":[54,73,95,105,183],"leave-one-out":[56],"cross-validation":[57],"procedure":[58],"to":[59,74,84,96,106,123,140,184],"evaluate":[60],"performance":[62],"machine":[65,128],"learning":[66,129,138,179],"models.":[67,130],"In":[68],"addition,":[69],"testing":[70],"methods":[71],"were":[72,81,104,115,134],"identify":[75],"optimal":[77],"weak":[78],"learners,":[79],"which":[80],"then":[82],"combined":[83],"form":[85],"a":[86,90],"stacking":[87],"model.":[88],"Subsequently,":[89],"hyperparameter":[91],"optimization":[92,102],"algorithm":[93],"was":[94,173],"optimize":[97],"model":[99],"hyperparameters.":[100],"Finally,":[101],"algorithms":[103],"analyze":[107],"each":[108],"feature,":[109],"features":[111,122,133],"high":[113],"importance":[114],"identified":[116],"by":[117],"limiting":[118],"number":[120],"be":[124,182],"included":[125],"After":[131],"various":[132],"fed":[135],"into":[136],"models":[139,180],"predict":[141],"Barthel":[143],"index":[144],"(BI)":[145],"at":[146,176,196],"discharge,":[147],"indicated":[150],"random":[152],"forest":[153],"(RF),":[154],"adaptive":[155],"boosting":[156],"(AdaBoost),":[157],"multilayer":[159],"perceptron":[160],"(MLP)":[161],"produced":[162],"suitable":[163],"results.":[164],"The":[165],"most":[166],"critical":[167],"prediction":[168],"factor":[169],"this":[171],"BI":[175],"admission.":[177],"Machine":[178],"ADL":[191],"discharge.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-17T08:19:37.847499","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
