{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386322004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3308856","title":"MD-CardioNet: A Multi-Dimensional Deep Neural Network for Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis From Electrocardiogram","display_name":"MD-CardioNet: A Multi-Dimensional Deep Neural Network for Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis From Electrocardiogram","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386322004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3308856","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37651481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3308856","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3308856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044623951","display_name":"Md Toki Tahmid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1152-3726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Toki Tahmid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046402647","display_name":"Muhammad Ehsanul Kader","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1837-5500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ehsanul Kader","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014251585","display_name":"Tanvir Mahmud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-2826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanvir Mahmud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074606314","display_name":"Shaikh Anowarul Fattah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8090-2327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaikh Anowarul Fattah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044623951"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3145,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82720212,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"2005","last_page":"2013"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7908495664596558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.731026291847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.706255316734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.622611939907074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6205086708068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5731675028800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5359421968460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.516344428062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4507298171520233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.44458550214767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4349813461303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43107470870018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4226617217063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3680664896965027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7908495664596558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.731026291847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.706255316734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.622611939907074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6205086708068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5731675028800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5359421968460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.516344428062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4507298171520233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.44458550214767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4349813461303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43107470870018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4226617217063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3680664896965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3308856","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3308856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37651481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37651481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963753144","https://openalex.org/W1973058638","https://openalex.org/W1977290162","https://openalex.org/W2038519127","https://openalex.org/W2097730779","https://openalex.org/W2125654608","https://openalex.org/W2169482235","https://openalex.org/W2264494579","https://openalex.org/W2291961022","https://openalex.org/W2294370754","https://openalex.org/W2400719898","https://openalex.org/W2598525681","https://openalex.org/W2748902594","https://openalex.org/W2795086889","https://openalex.org/W2795340004","https://openalex.org/W2799460054","https://openalex.org/W2799781319","https://openalex.org/W2891154157","https://openalex.org/W2891342985","https://openalex.org/W2902644322","https://openalex.org/W2975376327","https://openalex.org/W2980115263","https://openalex.org/W3009173546","https://openalex.org/W3028005831","https://openalex.org/W3033684251","https://openalex.org/W3083983389","https://openalex.org/W3113178943","https://openalex.org/W3126192134","https://openalex.org/W3155587509","https://openalex.org/W3170087560","https://openalex.org/W6696429117"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385543909","https://openalex.org/W3039320222","https://openalex.org/W3199640442","https://openalex.org/W1898280036","https://openalex.org/W2315807364","https://openalex.org/W2382278803","https://openalex.org/W2376695684","https://openalex.org/W1982967776","https://openalex.org/W2964954556","https://openalex.org/W4309346246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"classification":[1,224],"of":[2,21,58,153,199,211,229,240],"cardiovascular":[3,243],"diseases":[4],"from":[5,61,81,113,162,192],"electrocardiogram":[6],"(ECG)":[7],"signals":[8,60,84,191],"using":[9,85],"deep":[10,25,71],"learning":[11,26,72],"has":[12],"gained":[13],"significant":[14],"interest":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,54,92,108,129,158,165],"its":[18],"wide":[19],"range":[20],"applications.":[22],"However,":[23],"existing":[24,176,230],"approaches":[27],"often":[28],"overlook":[29],"inter-channel":[30,119],"shared":[31],"information":[32,37],"or":[33],"lose":[34],"time-sequence":[35],"dependent":[36],"when":[38],"considering":[39,48],"1D":[40],"and":[41,78,89,133,238],"2D":[42,104],"ECG":[43,83,116,190,223],"representations,":[44],"respectively.":[45],"Moreover,":[46],"besides":[47],"spatial":[49],"dimension,":[50],"it":[51],"is":[52,106,127,181],"necessary":[53],"understand":[55],"the":[56,59,114,151,174,209,227,236],"context":[57],"a":[62,103,122,144,184,218],"global":[63,135],"feature":[64,97,124],"space.":[65],"We":[66],"propose":[67],"MD-CardioNet,":[68],"an":[69,110,197],"efficient":[70],"architecture":[73,180],"that":[74,149,225],"captures":[75],"temporal,":[76],"spatial,":[77],"volumetric":[79,123],"features":[80],"multi-lead":[82],"multidimensional":[86],"(1D,":[87],"2D,":[88],"3D)":[90],"convolutions":[91],"address":[93],"these":[94],"challenges.":[95],"Sequential":[96],"extractors":[98],"capture":[99],"time-dependent":[100],"information,":[101],"while":[102,168],"convolution":[105],"applied":[107],"form":[109],"image":[111],"representation":[112],"multi-channel":[115],"signal,":[117],"extracting":[118],"features.":[120],"Additionally,":[121],"extraction":[125],"network":[126],"designed":[128],"incorporate":[130],"intra-channel,":[131],"inter-channel,":[132],"inter-filter":[134],"space":[136],"information.":[137],"To":[138],"reduce":[139],"computational":[140],"complexity,":[141],"we":[142],"introduce":[143],"practical":[145],"knowledge":[146],"distillation":[147],"framework":[148],"reduces":[150],"number":[152],"trainable":[154],"parameters":[155,164],"by":[156],"up":[157],"eight":[159],"times":[160],"(":[161],"4,304,910":[163],"94,842":[166],"parameters)":[167],"maintaining":[169],"satisfactory":[170],"performance":[171,210],"compatible":[172],"with":[173],"other":[175],"approaches.":[177,214],"The":[178,232],"proposed":[179],"evaluated":[182],"on":[183],"large":[185],"publicly":[186],"available":[187],"dataset":[188],"containing":[189],"over":[193],"10,000":[194],"patients,":[195],"achieving":[196],"accuracy":[198,239],"97.3%":[200],"in":[201,242,252],"classifying":[202],"six":[203],"heartbeat":[204],"rhythms.":[205],"Our":[206],"results":[207,234],"surpass":[208],"some":[212],"state-of-the-art":[213],"This":[215],"paper":[216],"presents":[217],"novel":[219],"deep-learning":[220],"approach":[221],"for":[222,249],"addresses":[226],"limitations":[228],"methods.":[231],"experimental":[233],"highlight":[235],"robustness":[237],"MD-CardioNet":[241],"disease":[244],"classification,":[245],"offering":[246],"valuable":[247],"insights":[248],"future":[250],"research":[251],"this":[253],"field.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
