{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361801851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3262164","title":"Estimation of Lower Extremity Joint Moments and 3D Ground Reaction Forces Using IMU Sensors in Multiple Walking Conditions: A Deep Learning Approach","display_name":"Estimation of Lower Extremity Joint Moments and 3D Ground Reaction Forces Using IMU Sensors in Multiple Walking Conditions: A Deep Learning Approach","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361801851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3262164","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37030855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3262164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3262164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019214287","display_name":"Md Sanzid Bin Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7984-7380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Sanzid Bin Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7984-7380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067621571","display_name":"Zhishan Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5967-1058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhishan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5967-1058","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049017196","display_name":"Hwan Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-5762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hwan Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-5762","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019214287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7592,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97922167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"6","first_page":"2829","last_page":"2840"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-reaction-force","display_name":"Ground reaction force","score":0.796981692314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.7442582845687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6188283562660217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5833783745765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-capture","display_name":"Motion capture","score":0.5711936950683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle","display_name":"Ankle","score":0.5094025731086731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4610994756221771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4235476851463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.42222684621810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33350470662117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.22553536295890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.15866205096244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08578112721443176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96332660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5610971","display_name":"Ground reaction force","level":3,"score":0.796981692314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.7442582845687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6188283562660217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5833783745765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48007421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676252","display_name":"Motion capture","level":3,"score":0.5711936950683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.5094025731086731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4610994756221771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4235476851463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.42222684621810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33350470662117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.22553536295890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.15866205096244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08578112721443176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035002","descriptor_name":"Lower Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035002","descriptor_name":"Lower Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035002","descriptor_name":"Lower Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3262164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3262164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37030855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37030855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W343602272","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1997022053","https://openalex.org/W2001945348","https://openalex.org/W2021488865","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2067683752","https://openalex.org/W2084347472","https://openalex.org/W2088868720","https://openalex.org/W2094532097","https://openalex.org/W2103265065","https://openalex.org/W2118869643","https://openalex.org/W2130281033","https://openalex.org/W2135270981","https://openalex.org/W2151178149","https://openalex.org/W2157780858","https://openalex.org/W2158014199","https://openalex.org/W2161661672","https://openalex.org/W2273706029","https://openalex.org/W2562261801","https://openalex.org/W2595673735","https://openalex.org/W2612974132","https://openalex.org/W2754061959","https://openalex.org/W2759558238","https://openalex.org/W2792764867","https://openalex.org/W2885166473","https://openalex.org/W2894395018","https://openalex.org/W2921837158","https://openalex.org/W2979307224","https://openalex.org/W2979363758","https://openalex.org/W2981607055","https://openalex.org/W2995691779","https://openalex.org/W2998731068","https://openalex.org/W3005130785","https://openalex.org/W3037654363","https://openalex.org/W3049181706","https://openalex.org/W3092185979","https://openalex.org/W3115127978","https://openalex.org/W3130807160","https://openalex.org/W3175585004","https://openalex.org/W3205105363","https://openalex.org/W4200347914","https://openalex.org/W4206978223","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4213432423","https://openalex.org/W4224325511","https://openalex.org/W4226023735","https://openalex.org/W4285049655","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6749825310","https://openalex.org/W6760591622","https://openalex.org/W6781815235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091018038","https://openalex.org/W2225378543","https://openalex.org/W4287122200","https://openalex.org/W9839718","https://openalex.org/W3110613631","https://openalex.org/W2040913503","https://openalex.org/W2611757813","https://openalex.org/W3017293403","https://openalex.org/W3135709989","https://openalex.org/W2526279871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"kinetics,":[1],"specifically":[2],"joint":[3,166,204],"moments":[4,167,205],"and":[5,15,47,84,164,168,179,194,206,224,233,236],"ground":[6],"reaction":[7],"forces":[8],"(GRFs)":[9],"can":[10,16],"provide":[11],"important":[12],"clinical":[13],"information":[14],"be":[17],"used":[18],"to":[19,30,51,66,79,126,139],"control":[20],"assistive":[21],"devices.":[22],"Traditionally,":[23],"collection":[24],"of":[25,75,142,161],"kinetics":[26,68,121,229,243],"is":[27,197,222],"mostly":[28],"limited":[29,60,125],"the":[31,53,70,80,113,140,176,198],"lab":[32],"environment":[33],"because":[34],"it":[35,63],"relies":[36],"on":[37,175],"data":[38,111,119],"that":[39,201],"are":[40,95,124],"measured":[41],"from":[42],"a":[43,73,151,246],"motion":[44],"capture":[45],"system":[46],"floor-embedded":[48],"force":[49],"plates":[50],"calculate":[52],"dynamics":[54],"via":[55,215],"musculoskeletal":[56],"models.":[57],"This":[58,196],"spatially":[59],"method":[61,100],"makes":[62],"extremely":[64],"challenging":[65],"measure":[67],"outside":[69,112],"laboratory":[71,114],"in":[72,132,186,208],"variety":[74],"walking":[76,136,184,210,234],"conditions":[77,137,185,211,235],"due":[78,138],"expensive":[81],"device":[82],"setup":[83],"large":[85,247],"space":[86],"required.":[87],"Recently,":[88],"employing":[89],"machine":[90],"learning":[91,145,154,220,240],"with":[92,120],"IMU":[93,117,173,213],"sensors":[94,174,214],"suggested":[96],"as":[97,190],"an":[98],"alternative":[99],"for":[101,157,226,242],"biomechanical":[102],"analyses.":[103],"Although":[104],"these":[105],"methods":[106],"enable":[107],"estimating":[108],"human":[109,228],"kinetic":[110,129],"by":[115,245],"linking":[116],"sensor":[118],"dataset,":[122],"they":[123],"show":[127],"inaccurate":[128],"estimates":[130],"even":[131],"highly":[133],"repeatable":[134],"single":[135,158],"employment":[141],"generic":[143],"deep":[144,153,216,219,239],"algorithms.":[146],"Thus,":[147],"this":[148],"paper":[149],"proposes":[150],"novel":[152],"model,":[155],"Kinetics-FM-DLR-Ensemble-Net":[156],"limb":[159],"prediction":[160],"hip,":[162],"knee,":[163],"ankle":[165],"3-dimensional":[169],"GRFs":[170,207],"using":[171,212],"three":[172],"thigh,":[177],"shank,":[178],"foot":[180],"under":[181],"several":[182],"representatives":[183],"daily":[187],"living,":[188],"such":[189],"treadmill,":[191],"level-ground,":[192],"stair,":[193],"ramp.":[195],"first":[199],"study":[200],"implements":[202],"both":[203],"multiple":[209],"learning.":[217],"Our":[218],"model":[221,241],"versatile":[223],"accurate":[225],"identifying":[227],"across":[230],"diverse":[231],"subjects":[232],"outperforms":[237],"state-of-the-art":[238],"estimation":[244],"margin.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-12T08:28:47.272897","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}