{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322576947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3249354","title":"Development of Prognostic Biomarkers by TMB-Guided WSI Analysis: A Two-Step Approach","display_name":"Development of Prognostic Biomarkers by TMB-Guided WSI Analysis: A Two-Step Approach","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322576947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3249354","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37027578"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3249354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3249354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331379","display_name":"Xiangyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2673-4367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2673-4367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111822524","display_name":"Zhenyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7559-8519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141942","display_name":"Peking University Third Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04wwqze12","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7559-8519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210141942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100662711","display_name":"Ye Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0847-561X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141942","display_name":"Peking University Third Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04wwqze12","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210141942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437102","display_name":"Kai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2155-1445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094964","display_name":"Unimed Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjzz278","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094964"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["OrigiMed, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OrigiMed, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094964"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037657103","display_name":"Aodi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6008-9715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094964","display_name":"Unimed Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjzz278","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094964"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aodi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["OrigiMed, Shanghai, China","School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OrigiMed, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094964"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012235327","display_name":"Xiongjun Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9012-2869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124809","display_name":"Peking University People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/035adwg89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124809"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiongjun Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People&#x0027;s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People&#x0027;s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210124809"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406711","display_name":"Liwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9970-8604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094964","display_name":"Unimed Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjzz278","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094964"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["OrigiMed, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OrigiMed, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094964"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323820","display_name":"Wei Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-3948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27599042","display_name":"Xi'an Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/03442p831","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27599042"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-3948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27599042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717163","display_name":"Bao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2446-9367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2446-9367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110631223","display_name":"Caixia Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caixia Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673460","display_name":"Wei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9100-5581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141942","display_name":"Peking University Third Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04wwqze12","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210141942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049184794","display_name":"Xuehua Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4284-5514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141942","display_name":"Peking University Third Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04wwqze12","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuehua Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210141942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062101942","display_name":"Zenan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5758-1374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141942","display_name":"Peking University Third Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04wwqze12","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zenan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210141942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100661819","display_name":"Jiangang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7715-2393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7715-2393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089831591","display_name":"Jian L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9144-7486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141942","display_name":"Peking University Third Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04wwqze12","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9144-7486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210141942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112234501","display_name":"Jie Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-8817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China","Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China","CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-8817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92148155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"4","first_page":"1780","last_page":"1789"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6299958229064941}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6299958229064941}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3249354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3249354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37027578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37027578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1303743867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92159301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G396202481","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92259301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4151997398","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92059103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8113341503","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62076007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8716525571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFF1201003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G879467451","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z200027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2136464549","https://openalex.org/W2142384833","https://openalex.org/W2155943701","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2343160907","https://openalex.org/W2571620227","https://openalex.org/W2606495925","https://openalex.org/W2745940724","https://openalex.org/W2747774814","https://openalex.org/W2752879928","https://openalex.org/W2766845401","https://openalex.org/W2767034994","https://openalex.org/W2896809746","https://openalex.org/W2900082702","https://openalex.org/W2909679049","https://openalex.org/W2914568698","https://openalex.org/W2943370629","https://openalex.org/W2950756851","https://openalex.org/W2956228567","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2967444033","https://openalex.org/W2968962295","https://openalex.org/W2981221200","https://openalex.org/W3005082972","https://openalex.org/W3018829521","https://openalex.org/W3035105468","https://openalex.org/W3037083567","https://openalex.org/W3041047318","https://openalex.org/W3043535018","https://openalex.org/W3045639672","https://openalex.org/W3046768359","https://openalex.org/W3106483999","https://openalex.org/W3135547872","https://openalex.org/W3147894994","https://openalex.org/W3203838058","https://openalex.org/W3203898052","https://openalex.org/W4281559919","https://openalex.org/W6637373629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655","https://openalex.org/W2359140296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,151,161,228],"rapid":[1],"development":[2,152],"of":[3,24,50,91,137,144,155,189,206,223,233],"computational":[4],"pathology":[5],"has":[6],"brought":[7],"new":[8],"opportunities":[9],"for":[10,45,72,176],"prognosis":[11,109,242],"prediction":[12,74],"using":[13,75],"histopathological":[14,64],"images.":[15,65],"However,":[16],"the":[17,25,47,80,89,98,107,113,118,183,192,216,231],"existing":[18],"deep":[19,84,99],"learning":[20,123],"frameworks":[21],"lack":[22],"exploration":[23],"relationship":[26],"between":[27],"images":[28,77],"and":[29,93,103,126,153,214],"other":[30],"prognostic":[31,73,156,200],"information,":[32],"resulting":[33],"in":[34,63,220],"poor":[35],"interpretability.":[36],"Tumor":[37],"mutation":[38],"burden":[39],"(TMB)":[40],"is":[41,56,110],"a":[42,69,83],"promising":[43],"biomarker":[44],"predicting":[46],"survival":[48,196,209],"outcomes":[49],"cancer":[51],"patients,":[52],"but":[53],"its":[54],"measurement":[55],"costly.":[57],"Its":[58],"heterogeneity":[59],"may":[60],"be":[61],"reflected":[62],"Here,":[66],"we":[67],"report":[68],"two-step":[70],"framework":[71,81,172],"whole-slide":[76],"(WSIs).":[78],"First,":[79],"adopts":[82],"residual":[85],"network":[86],"to":[87,239],"encode":[88],"phenotype":[90],"WSIs":[92,143],"classifies":[94],"patient-level":[95],"TMB":[96,127,177,218],"by":[97,112],"features":[100],"after":[101],"aggregation":[102],"dimensionality":[104],"reduction.":[105],"Then,":[106],"patients'":[108,207],"stratified":[111],"TMB-related":[114,235],"information":[115,236],"obtained":[116],"during":[117],"classification":[119,128,178],"model":[120,129],"development.":[121],"Deep":[122],"feature":[124],"extraction":[125],"construction":[130],"are":[131,158],"performed":[132,159],"on":[133,160,191],"an":[134,180],"in-house":[135],"dataset":[136],"295":[138],"Haematoxylin":[139],"&":[140],"Eosin":[141],"stained":[142],"clear":[145],"cell":[146,148],"renal":[147],"carcinoma":[149],"(ccRCC).":[150],"evaluation":[154],"biomarkers":[157,201],"Cancer":[162],"Genome":[163],"Atlas-Kidney":[164],"ccRCC":[165],"(TCGA-KIRC)":[166],"project":[167],"with":[168,179,225],"304":[169],"WSIs.":[170],"Our":[171],"achieves":[173],"good":[174],"performance":[175],"area":[181],"under":[182],"receiver":[184],"operating":[185],"characteristic":[186],"curve":[187],"(AUC)":[188],"0.813":[190],"validation":[193],"set.":[194],"Through":[195],"analysis,":[197],"our":[198],"proposed":[199],"can":[202],"achieve":[203,240],"significant":[204],"stratification":[205,222],"overall":[208],"(P":[210],"$<":[211],"$":[212],"0.05)":[213],"outperform":[215],"original":[217],"signature":[219],"risk":[221],"patients":[224],"advanced":[226],"disease.":[227],"results":[229],"indicate":[230],"feasibility":[232],"mining":[234],"from":[237],"WSI":[238],"stepwise":[241],"prediction.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
