{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321608728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3244277","title":"Block Distributed Joint Temporal-Frequency- Phase Modulation for Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential Based Brain-Computer Interface With a Limited Number of Frequencies","display_name":"Block Distributed Joint Temporal-Frequency- Phase Modulation for Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential Based Brain-Computer Interface With a Limited Number of Frequencies","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321608728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3244277","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37022880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3244277","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3244277","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065049427","display_name":"Sheng Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6152-1318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6152-1318","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087185487","display_name":"Hui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2867-5574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111365457","display_name":"Ruimin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1133-2698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35568498","display_name":"Kochi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00rghrr56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35568498"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruimin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Brain Communication, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1133-2698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Brain Communication, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35568498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103116257","display_name":"Yue Leng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9178-3837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Leng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018992658","display_name":"Keiji Iramina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1295-2725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keiji Iramina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100689959","display_name":"Pan Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7473-905X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Mind & Brain Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7473-905X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Mind & Brain Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018364879","display_name":"Haixian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8220-9737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haixian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8220-9737","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9136,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6971088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"4","first_page":"1835","last_page":"1844"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.8710629343986511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7745474576950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flicker","display_name":"Flicker","score":0.6765556335449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5947962999343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5516213774681091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5233051776885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.44596540927886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.43776482343673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013frequency-analysis","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","score":0.4300374984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3973134458065033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3409406542778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.32149538397789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3089219331741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.1326931118965149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08969691395759583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.08698871731758118}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.8710629343986511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7745474576950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19743564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25378119","display_name":"Flicker","level":2,"score":0.6765556335449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5947962999343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5516213774681091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5233051776885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.44596540927886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.43776482343673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.4300374984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3973134458065033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3409406542778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.32149538397789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3089219331741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.1326931118965149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08969691395759583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.08698871731758118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3244277","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3244277","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37022880","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37022880","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1113617758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2242021 k30014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2388357056","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2242021k30059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3298841845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176054.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7014189227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271141","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8734624840","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u7684\u989d\u53f6\uff0d\u7eb9\u72b6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u63a7\u5236\u5927\u8111\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968916327","https://openalex.org/W1972104940","https://openalex.org/W1994855515","https://openalex.org/W2004959199","https://openalex.org/W2013342468","https://openalex.org/W2041998778","https://openalex.org/W2089565727","https://openalex.org/W2092649222","https://openalex.org/W2092691640","https://openalex.org/W2098725211","https://openalex.org/W2104470693","https://openalex.org/W2109008357","https://openalex.org/W2125260508","https://openalex.org/W2132876794","https://openalex.org/W2143183535","https://openalex.org/W2158300918","https://openalex.org/W2169296125","https://openalex.org/W2344515946","https://openalex.org/W2536435487","https://openalex.org/W2540507509","https://openalex.org/W2605492512","https://openalex.org/W2794480229","https://openalex.org/W2806126245","https://openalex.org/W2809409175","https://openalex.org/W2950675048","https://openalex.org/W2967878471","https://openalex.org/W3025464283","https://openalex.org/W3037047196","https://openalex.org/W3045632177","https://openalex.org/W3096710532","https://openalex.org/W3119670115","https://openalex.org/W3148502406","https://openalex.org/W3151857920","https://openalex.org/W3154951130","https://openalex.org/W3155986091","https://openalex.org/W3165934667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W2468279273","https://openalex.org/W2044053727","https://openalex.org/W1994410349","https://openalex.org/W3177028067","https://openalex.org/W1913385466","https://openalex.org/W2889342546","https://openalex.org/W2354198838","https://openalex.org/W2047689955"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0],"to":[1],"encode":[2],"as":[3,6],"many":[4],"targets":[5,88,104,117,164],"possible":[7],"with":[8,121,165],"limited":[9],"frequency":[10,129],"resources":[11,130],"is":[12,56],"a":[13,36,44,155,160,166],"grave":[14],"problem":[15],"that":[16],"restricts":[17],"the":[18,31,76,87,90,95,99,103,106,128,147,175],"application":[19,176],"of":[20,72,135,163,169,178],"steady-state":[21],"visual":[22],"evoked":[23],"potential":[24,177],"(SSVEP)":[25],"based":[26,47],"brain-computer":[27],"interfaces":[28],"(BCIs).":[29],"In":[30],"current":[32],"study,":[33],"we":[34],"propose":[35],"novel":[37],"block-distributed":[38],"joint":[39],"temporal-frequency-phase":[40],"modulation":[41],"method":[42],"for":[43,145,159],"virtual":[45],"speller":[46,53],"on":[48],"SSVEP-based":[49,179],"BCI.":[50,180],"A":[51],"48-target":[52],"keyboard":[54],"array":[55],"virtually":[57],"divided":[58],"into":[59],"eight":[60,123],"blocks":[61],"and":[62,132,139,149],"each":[63,79],"block":[64,80,92,108],"contains":[65],"six":[66],"targets.":[67],"The":[68],"coding":[69,157],"cycle":[70],"consists":[71],"two":[73],"sessions:":[74],"in":[75,89,98,105],"first":[77],"session,":[78,101],"flashes":[81],"at":[82,94,110],"different":[83,111],"frequencies":[84],"while":[85],"all":[86,102],"same":[91,96,107],"flicker":[93],"frequency;":[97],"second":[100],"flash":[109],"frequencies.":[112],"Using":[113],"this":[114],"method,":[115],"48":[116],"can":[118,172],"be":[119],"coded":[120],"only":[122],"frequencies,":[124,170],"which":[125,171],"greatly":[126],"reduces":[127],"required,":[131],"average":[133],"accuracies":[134],"86.81":[136],"$\\pm$":[137,141],"9.41%":[138],"91.36":[140],"6.41%":[142],"were":[143],"obtained":[144],"both":[146],"offline":[148],"online":[150],"experiments.":[151],"This":[152],"study":[153],"provides":[154],"new":[156],"approach":[158],"large":[161],"number":[162,168],"small":[167],"further":[173],"expand":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}