{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319999780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3240136","title":"PCCT: Progressive Class-Center Triplet Loss for Imbalanced Medical Image Classification","display_name":"PCCT: Progressive Class-Center Triplet Loss for Imbalanced Medical Image Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319999780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3240136","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37022228"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3240136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3240136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001580274","display_name":"Kanghao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8447-4400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kanghao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039070189","display_name":"Weixian Lei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixian Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100661278","display_name":"Shen Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-2658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108050904","display_name":"Wei\u2010Shi Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8327-0003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Shi Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100707149","display_name":"Ruixuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8714-0369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruixuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","Department of Network Intelligence, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Network Intelligence, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001580274"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.274,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96972759,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"4","first_page":"2026","last_page":"2036"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.7551900148391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.690186619758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5569112300872803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5391829609870911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5267324447631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.4556392431259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4113801121711731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3446004390716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17694196105003357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7551900148391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.690186619758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5569112300872803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5391829609870911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5267324447631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4556392431259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4113801121711731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3446004390716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17694196105003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3240136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3240136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37022228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37022228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1335788999","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101607","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5372072380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1811461","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G761644807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8936313276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFE0112500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971955426","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2157364932","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2519210008","https://openalex.org/W2598634450","https://openalex.org/W2606377603","https://openalex.org/W2767106145","https://openalex.org/W2785933479","https://openalex.org/W2794825826","https://openalex.org/W2796291827","https://openalex.org/W2798775284","https://openalex.org/W2895347732","https://openalex.org/W2932083555","https://openalex.org/W2962933664","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963691377","https://openalex.org/W2963744743","https://openalex.org/W2994795100","https://openalex.org/W3009883635","https://openalex.org/W3027677109","https://openalex.org/W3034601242","https://openalex.org/W3090403621","https://openalex.org/W3102785203","https://openalex.org/W3139487216","https://openalex.org/W3174366534","https://openalex.org/W3176474016","https://openalex.org/W3191939955","https://openalex.org/W4214718285","https://openalex.org/W4313005067","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6735531217","https://openalex.org/W6760201928","https://openalex.org/W6761152059","https://openalex.org/W6764733053","https://openalex.org/W6768920361","https://openalex.org/W6771412588","https://openalex.org/W6779304510","https://openalex.org/W6799701773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162204513","https://openalex.org/W2371138613","https://openalex.org/W2048963458","https://openalex.org/W2503350049","https://openalex.org/W43109613","https://openalex.org/W2359952343","https://openalex.org/W2329386257","https://openalex.org/W2080152487","https://openalex.org/W2188500270","https://openalex.org/W2303858293"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Imbalanced":[0],"training":[1,60,119,162],"data":[2,66],"in":[3,102],"medical":[4,157],"image":[5,158],"diagnosis":[6],"is":[7],"a":[8,20,40,83,90],"significant":[9],"challenge":[10],"for":[11,55,72,94,156,210,222],"diagnosing":[12],"rare":[13,211],"diseases.":[14],"For":[15],"this":[16],"purpose,":[17],"we":[18],"propose":[19],"novel":[21],"two-stage":[22],"Progressive":[23],"Class-Center":[24],"Triplet":[25],"(PCCT)":[26],"framework":[27,153],"to":[28,44,88,130],"overcome":[29],"the":[30,35,64,73,77,131,136,141,144,151,187,192,218,223],"class":[31,57,110,115,224],"imbalance":[32,225],"issue.":[33,226],"In":[34,76],"first":[36],"stage,":[37,79],"PCCT":[38,80,152],"designs":[39,82],"class-balanced":[41],"triplet":[42,86,104],"loss":[43,126,134],"coarsely":[45],"separate":[46],"distributions":[47],"of":[48,123,143],"different":[49],"classes.":[50],"Triplets":[51],"are":[52,105],"sampled":[53],"equally":[54],"each":[56,59,95,103],"at":[58],"iteration,":[61],"which":[62,112,139],"alleviates":[63],"imbalanced":[65,161],"issue":[67],"and":[68,99,117,135,173,181,199,204,208,216],"lays":[69],"solid":[70],"foundation":[71],"successive":[74],"stage.":[75],"second":[78],"further":[81],"class-center":[84,124],"involved":[85,125],"strategy":[87],"enable":[89],"more":[91],"compact":[92,114],"distribution":[93],"class.":[96],"The":[97,121],"positive":[98],"negative":[100],"samples":[101],"replaced":[106],"by":[107],"their":[108],"corresponding":[109],"centers,":[111],"prompts":[113],"representations":[116],"benefits":[118],"stability.":[120],"idea":[122],"can":[127],"be":[128],"extended":[129],"pair-wise":[132],"ranking":[133],"quadruplet":[137],"loss,":[138],"demonstrates":[140],"generalization":[142],"proposed":[145,188],"framework.":[146],"Extensive":[147],"experiments":[148],"support":[149],"that":[150],"works":[154],"effectively":[155],"classification":[159],"with":[160],"images.":[163],"On":[164],"four":[165],"challenging":[166],"class-imbalanced":[167],"datasets":[168,171],"(two":[169],"skin":[170],"Skin7":[172],"Skin":[174],"198,":[175],"one":[176,182],"chest":[177],"X-ray":[178],"dataset":[179,184],"ChestXray-COVID,":[180],"eye":[183],"Kaggle":[185],"EyePACs),":[186],"approach":[189],"respectively":[190],"obtains":[191],"mean":[193],"F1":[194],"score":[195],"86.20,":[196],"65.20,":[197],"91.32,":[198],"87.18":[200],"over":[201],"all":[202],"classes":[203],"81.40,":[205],"63.87,":[206],"82.62,":[207],"79.09":[209],"classes,":[212],"achieving":[213],"state-of-the-art":[214],"performance":[215],"outperforming":[217],"widely":[219],"used":[220],"methods":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}