{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315783763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3236631","title":"Remote Blood Oxygen Estimation From Videos Using Neural Networks","display_name":"Remote Blood Oxygen Estimation From Videos Using Neural Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315783763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3236631","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37018728"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3236631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3236631","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6221020/6363502/10016249.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6221020/6363502/10016249.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053788969","display_name":"Joshua Mathew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-3747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801313472","display_name":"North Central State College","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6b6f76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Mathew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-3747","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069884358","display_name":"Xin Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3984-5505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3984-5505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014799225","display_name":"Chau-Wai Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-7708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chau-Wai Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Forensic Sciences Cluster, and Secure Computing Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-7708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Forensic Sciences Cluster, and Secure Computing Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049030188","display_name":"Simon Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8495-7883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8495-7883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001694053","display_name":"Donald K. Milton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0550-7834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald K. Milton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0550-7834","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042783680","display_name":"Min Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-9357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-9357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7679,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94592738,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"8","first_page":"3710","last_page":"3720"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.703073263168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5677800178527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5645127892494202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.549964964389801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41693806648254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32579511404037476}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.703073263168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5677800178527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5645127892494202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.549964964389801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41693806648254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32579511404037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000075082","descriptor_name":"Proof of Concept Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000075082","descriptor_name":"Proof of Concept Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000075082","descriptor_name":"Proof of Concept Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000075082","descriptor_name":"Proof of Concept Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012880","descriptor_name":"Skin Pigmentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012880","descriptor_name":"Skin Pigmentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012880","descriptor_name":"Skin Pigmentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012880","descriptor_name":"Skin Pigmentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3236631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3236631","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6221020/6363502/10016249.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37018728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37018728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10472532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10472532","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10472532/pdf/nihms-1923209.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3236631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3236631","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6221020/6363502/10016249.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G103575219","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HHSN272201400008C)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2004248327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"200-2020-09528","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","funder_display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4229753836","display_name":"Collaborative Research: RAPID: Understanding and Facilitating Remote Triage and Rehabilitation During Pandemics via Visual Based Patient Physiologic Sensing","funder_award_id":"2030430","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5269858247","display_name":"Collaborative Research: RAPID: Understanding and Facilitating Remote Triage and Rehabilitation During Pandemics via Visual Based Patient Physiologic Sensing","funder_award_id":"2030502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7303647262","display_name":"Collaborative Research: RAPID: Understanding and Facilitating Remote Triage and Rehabilitation During Pandemics via Visual Based Patient Physiologic Sensing","funder_award_id":"2030382","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8747204182","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"contract number HHSN272201400008C","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319549","display_name":"Flu Lab","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01krpsy48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4315783763.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4315783763.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520976480","https://openalex.org/W1967412410","https://openalex.org/W1998585127","https://openalex.org/W2024811422","https://openalex.org/W2060642847","https://openalex.org/W2064604759","https://openalex.org/W2087851757","https://openalex.org/W2103038618","https://openalex.org/W2131154415","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2139293067","https://openalex.org/W2398151908","https://openalex.org/W2460055594","https://openalex.org/W2487770199","https://openalex.org/W2520509592","https://openalex.org/W2529633583","https://openalex.org/W2556522401","https://openalex.org/W2559746881","https://openalex.org/W2607232342","https://openalex.org/W2757634076","https://openalex.org/W2786689981","https://openalex.org/W2801776818","https://openalex.org/W2893517024","https://openalex.org/W2904703014","https://openalex.org/W2963433879","https://openalex.org/W2972846851","https://openalex.org/W2982196965","https://openalex.org/W3009758199","https://openalex.org/W3019404504","https://openalex.org/W3021191129","https://openalex.org/W3038637827","https://openalex.org/W3047004659","https://openalex.org/W3094393010","https://openalex.org/W3124625789","https://openalex.org/W3126479760","https://openalex.org/W3194745632","https://openalex.org/W4226406172","https://openalex.org/W4229921563","https://openalex.org/W4236362309","https://openalex.org/W4241696018","https://openalex.org/W4249893450","https://openalex.org/W6631228909","https://openalex.org/W6656563656","https://openalex.org/W6730169791","https://openalex.org/W6776694482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Peripheral":[0],"blood":[1,54],"oxygen":[2],"saturation":[3],"(SpO$_{2}$)":[4],"is":[5,132,182],"an":[6,35,125],"essential":[7],"indicator":[8],"of":[9,50,59,124,190,204,210],"respiratory":[10],"functionality":[11],"and":[12,53,89,134,138,143,163,207],"received":[13],"increasing":[14],"attention":[15],"during":[16],"the":[17,44,48,86,90,99,107,122,158,165,169,178,188,191,202,208],"COVID-19":[18,24],"pandemic.":[19],"Clinical":[20],"findings":[21],"show":[22],"that":[23,181],"patients":[25],"can":[26,46,139],"have":[27],"significantly":[28],"low":[29],"SpO$_{2}$before":[30],"any":[31],"obvious":[32],"symptoms.":[33],"Measuring":[34],"individual's":[36,126],"SpO$_{2}$without":[37],"having":[38],"to":[39,64,84,94,194,196],"come":[40],"into":[41],"contact":[42],"with":[43],"person":[45],"lower":[47],"risk":[49],"cross":[51],"contamination":[52],"circulation":[55],"problems.":[56],"The":[57,119],"prevalence":[58],"smartphones":[60,76],"has":[61],"motivated":[62],"researchers":[63],"investigate":[65],"methods":[66],"for":[67,128,136,145,161,171,184],"monitoring":[68],"SpO$_{2}$using":[69],"smartphone":[70,117],"cameras.":[71,118],"Most":[72],"prior":[73],"schemes":[74],"involving":[75],"are":[77],"contact-based:":[78],"They":[79],"require":[80],"using":[81,116],"a":[82,211],"fingertip":[83],"cover":[85],"phone's":[87],"camera":[88],"nearby":[91],"light":[92,97],"source":[93],"capture":[95],"reemitted":[96],"from":[98],"illuminated":[100],"tissue.":[101],"In":[102],"this":[103],"paper,":[104],"we":[105],"propose":[106],"first":[108],"convolutional":[109],"neural":[110,153],"network":[111,154],"based":[112],"noncontact":[113],"SpO$_{2}$estimation":[114,214],"scheme":[115,120],"analyzes":[121],"videos":[123],"hand":[127,212],"physiological":[129],"sensing,":[130],"which":[131],"convenient":[133],"comfortable":[135],"users":[137],"protect":[140],"their":[141],"privacy":[142],"allow":[144],"keeping":[146],"face":[147],"masks":[148],"on.":[149],"We":[150,199],"design":[151],"explainable":[152],"architectures":[155],"inspired":[156],"by":[157,167],"optophysiological":[159],"models":[160,176],"SpO$_{2}$measurement":[162],"demonstrate":[164],"explainability":[166],"visualizing":[168],"weights":[170],"channel":[172],"combination.":[173],"Our":[174],"proposed":[175,192],"outperform":[177],"state-of-the-art":[179],"model":[180],"designed":[183],"contact-based":[185],"SpO$_{2}$measurement,":[186],"showing":[187],"potential":[189],"method":[193],"contribute":[195],"public":[197],"health.":[198],"also":[200],"analyze":[201],"impact":[203],"skin":[205],"type":[206],"side":[209],"on":[213],"performance.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}