{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312827312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3232514","title":"Bi-CapsNet: A Binary Capsule Network for EEG-Based Emotion Recognition","display_name":"Bi-CapsNet: A Binary Capsule Network for EEG-Based Emotion Recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312827312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3232514","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37015506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2022.3232514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3232514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100618357","display_name":"Y\u00fc Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2211-3535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091862529","display_name":"Yi Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7377-5395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429537","display_name":"Chang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0195-1003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029209486","display_name":"Juan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082889047","display_name":"Rencheng Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7760-7562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rencheng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100451602","display_name":"Xun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4922-8116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100618357"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0574,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91634567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"3","first_page":"1319","last_page":"1330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.974399983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6759785413742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6284468173980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5687926411628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5440359711647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5156022906303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.43701034784317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.370403528213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16261661052703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.10753175616264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08207112550735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.0755041241645813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6759785413742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6284468173980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5687926411628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5440359711647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5156022906303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.43701034784317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.370403528213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16261661052703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.10753175616264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08207112550735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0755041241645813}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2022.3232514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3232514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37015506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37015506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1970520617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61922075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G238294583","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271186","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G239513918","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JZ2021HGTB0078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3008455414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JZ2020HGPA0111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3759162436","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCKY2019548B001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335833","funder_display_name":"National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4945367125","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176081","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5399244241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171176","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5509323304","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41901350","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6622500158","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JZ2021HGPA0061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7551557620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32271431","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335833","display_name":"National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480583224","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1857789879","https://openalex.org/W1947251450","https://openalex.org/W1964940342","https://openalex.org/W1976958846","https://openalex.org/W1982322471","https://openalex.org/W1996901117","https://openalex.org/W2002055708","https://openalex.org/W2036309320","https://openalex.org/W2038610431","https://openalex.org/W2071954570","https://openalex.org/W2091474959","https://openalex.org/W2101972387","https://openalex.org/W2109774206","https://openalex.org/W2130695501","https://openalex.org/W2132889650","https://openalex.org/W2134050473","https://openalex.org/W2160410052","https://openalex.org/W2170883741","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2222099799","https://openalex.org/W2295001676","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2319920447","https://openalex.org/W2599124244","https://openalex.org/W2736191430","https://openalex.org/W2765856398","https://openalex.org/W2768755822","https://openalex.org/W2783276282","https://openalex.org/W2790404832","https://openalex.org/W2889782437","https://openalex.org/W2896297654","https://openalex.org/W2901337091","https://openalex.org/W2952116256","https://openalex.org/W2962939807","https://openalex.org/W2962965870","https://openalex.org/W2963854351","https://openalex.org/W2970007912","https://openalex.org/W3004543888","https://openalex.org/W3016260756","https://openalex.org/W3018278400","https://openalex.org/W3027581678","https://openalex.org/W3031967244","https://openalex.org/W3034297393","https://openalex.org/W3043308633","https://openalex.org/W3044186523","https://openalex.org/W3088256290","https://openalex.org/W3118441062","https://openalex.org/W3119503696","https://openalex.org/W3135148659","https://openalex.org/W3164439356","https://openalex.org/W3169764988","https://openalex.org/W4224930828","https://openalex.org/W4236137412","https://openalex.org/W6618372016","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6700264148","https://openalex.org/W6716372715","https://openalex.org/W6726275242","https://openalex.org/W6743446608","https://openalex.org/W6744700018","https://openalex.org/W6783467810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032664813","https://openalex.org/W2601157893","https://openalex.org/W2373006798","https://openalex.org/W2131735617","https://openalex.org/W2056912418","https://openalex.org/W2033213769","https://openalex.org/W4312376745","https://openalex.org/W2136016640","https://openalex.org/W2049538278","https://openalex.org/W2886173746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,36,109,158],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"deep":[3,15],"learning":[4,16],"has":[5],"gained":[6],"widespread":[7],"attention":[8],"in":[9,82,184],"electroencephalogram":[10],"(EEG)-based":[11],"emotion":[12,48,98,148],"recognition.":[13],"However,":[14],"methods":[17],"are":[18,104],"usually":[19],"time-consuming":[20],"with":[21,50,71,133],"a":[22,41,87,118,125,135,165],"large":[23],"amount":[24],"of":[25,79],"memory":[26,55,130],"usage,":[27,131],"which":[28],"obstructs":[29],"their":[30],"practical":[31],"usage":[32],"on":[33,120,128,139,164],"resource-constrained":[34],"devices.":[35],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"we":[39,85],"propose":[40],"binary":[42,171],"capsule":[43],"network":[44],"(Bi-CapsNet)":[45],"for":[46,106],"EEG":[47,97,147],"recognition":[49,141,149],"low":[51],"computational":[52,122],"cost":[53,123],"and":[54,62,67,102,124,176],"usage.":[56],"The":[57],"Bi-CapsNet":[58,116,161],"binarizes":[59],"32-bit":[60],"weights":[61],"activations":[63],"to":[64,90,111,144,186],"1":[65],"b,":[66],"replaces":[68],"floating-point":[69],"operations":[70],"efficient":[72],"bitwise":[73],"operations.":[74],"To":[75],"address":[76],"the":[77,92,115,121,129,140,151,160],"issue":[78],"function":[80,89],"discontinuity":[81],"backward":[83],"propagation,":[84],"use":[86],"continuous":[88],"approximate":[91],"binarization":[93],"process.":[94],"Two":[95],"popular":[96],"databases,":[99],"namely,":[100],"DEAP":[101],"DREAMER,":[103],"used":[105],"performance":[107],"evaluation.":[108],"comparison":[110,185],"its":[112,187],"full-precision":[113,188],"counterpart,":[114],"achieves":[117,178],"$>\\!25\\times$reduction":[119],"$>\\!5\\times$":[126],"reduction":[127],"while":[132],"only":[134],"$<":[136],"$1%":[137],"drop":[138],"accuracy.":[142],"Compared":[143],"some":[145],"state-of-the-art":[146],"methods,":[150],"proposed":[152],"method":[153],"obtains":[154],"more":[155],"competitive":[156],"performance.":[157],"addition,":[159],"is":[162],"implemented":[163],"mobile":[166],"phone":[167],"via":[168],"an":[169,179],"open-source":[170],"inference":[172,182],"framework":[173],"named":[174],"Bolt,":[175],"it":[177],"$\\sim\\!":[180],"5\\times$":[181],"acceleration":[183],"counterpart.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}