{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4291021291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3197666","title":"Reinforcement Learning Based Diagnosis and Prediction for COVID-19 by Optimizing a Mixed Cost Function From CT Images","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning Based Diagnosis and Prediction for COVID-19 by Optimizing a Mixed Cost Function From CT Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4291021291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3197666","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35951561"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2022.3197666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3197666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100762809","display_name":"Siying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4608-4871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123686","display_name":"Quzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/024nfx323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, ZheJiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4608-4871","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, ZheJiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711","https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358122","display_name":"Minghui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3171-0270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3171-0270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078038781","display_name":"Deng Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8981-7807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035943349","display_name":"Jiali Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5291-028X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiali Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5291-028X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107854821","display_name":"Yi Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6519-5314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118397","display_name":"Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01qh26a66","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People&#x0027;s Hospitals, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People&#x0027;s Hospitals, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010555261","display_name":"Xuan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-6179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054720143","display_name":"Tianshu Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7021-8855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianshu Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7021-8855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102045019","display_name":"Libo Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086248","display_name":"Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0014a0n68","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Libo Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China","Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441739","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0192-5956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118397","display_name":"Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01qh26a66","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People&#x0027;s Hospitals, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People&#x0027;s Hospitals, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102740182","display_name":"Haigang Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7176-4142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haigang Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7176-4142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115694721","display_name":"Xiaomin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-120X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088331","display_name":"Quzhou City People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/004qehs09","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088331"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123686","display_name":"Quzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/024nfx323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China","People's Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120","https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"People's Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057823923","display_name":"Lifeng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-7559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088331","display_name":"Quzhou City People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/004qehs09","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088331"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123686","display_name":"Quzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/024nfx323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lifeng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China","People's Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120","https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"People's Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046777459","display_name":"Hong Pu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-8629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118397","display_name":"Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01qh26a66","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People&#x0027;s Hospitals, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People&#x0027;s Hospitals, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100347765","display_name":"Ming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1114-1728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1114-1728","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2528,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92751915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"11","first_page":"5344","last_page":"5354"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7365732789039612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.7265182733535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5963805913925171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5962859988212585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5097226500511169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4427546262741089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4347568154335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4221170246601105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3410162925720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33981287479400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.20714470744132996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1601351499557495}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7365732789039612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.7265182733535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5963805913925171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5962859988212585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5097226500511169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4427546262741089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4347568154335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4221170246601105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3410162925720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33981287479400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.20714470744132996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1601351499557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086742","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Testing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086742","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Testing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086742","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Testing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2022.3197666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3197666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35951561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35951561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057947771","https://openalex.org/W2156109783","https://openalex.org/W2162899218","https://openalex.org/W2771590529","https://openalex.org/W2788633781","https://openalex.org/W2804777036","https://openalex.org/W2891756914","https://openalex.org/W2946185430","https://openalex.org/W2979352690","https://openalex.org/W2985793077","https://openalex.org/W3004906315","https://openalex.org/W3006110666","https://openalex.org/W3006882119","https://openalex.org/W3007170347","https://openalex.org/W3007497549","https://openalex.org/W3008985036","https://openalex.org/W3011149445","https://openalex.org/W3011810856","https://openalex.org/W3015305373","https://openalex.org/W3023402713","https://openalex.org/W3028070348","https://openalex.org/W3038744550","https://openalex.org/W3048123412","https://openalex.org/W3090218328","https://openalex.org/W3092490063","https://openalex.org/W3093272769","https://openalex.org/W3119527628","https://openalex.org/W3125868735","https://openalex.org/W3126674636","https://openalex.org/W3135243128","https://openalex.org/W3136933888","https://openalex.org/W3138497854","https://openalex.org/W3142371777","https://openalex.org/W3145352525","https://openalex.org/W3159596580","https://openalex.org/W3163405749","https://openalex.org/W3176429669","https://openalex.org/W3183906236","https://openalex.org/W3187766292","https://openalex.org/W3189411510","https://openalex.org/W4289276796","https://openalex.org/W6756135368","https://openalex.org/W6775272535","https://openalex.org/W6789888924"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382894326","https://openalex.org/W3035105474","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W4205698903","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W4294968941","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4205413867","https://openalex.org/W2594414941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,245],"novel":[1],"coronavirus":[2],"disease":[3,8,144],"(COVID-19)":[4],"is":[5,33,243,255],"a":[6,63,75,127,152,189],"pandemic":[7],"has":[9],"caused":[10],"4":[11],"million":[12,18],"deaths":[13],"and":[14,27,46,50,101,167,186,208,213,222,233,257,262],"more":[15,169],"than":[16],"200":[17],"infections":[19],"worldwide":[20],"(as":[21],"of":[22,30,39,54,84,93,142,155,227,239,248],"August":[23],"4,":[24],"2021).":[25],"Rapid":[26],"accurate":[28],"diagnosis":[29],"COVID-19":[31,49,55,71,181,260],"infection":[32],"critical":[34],"to":[35,44,56,115,138],"controlling":[36],"the":[37,40,52,82,91,94,98,103,107,112,116,140,156,178,197,209,237],"spread":[38],"epidemic.":[41],"In":[42],"order":[43],"quickly":[45],"efficiently":[47],"detect":[48],"reduce":[51],"threat":[53],"human":[57],"survival,":[58],"we":[59,176],"have":[60,125],"firstly":[61],"proposed":[62,126,253],"detection":[64,133,261],"framework":[65,129,242],"based":[66],"on":[67,172],"reinforcement":[68],"learning":[69],"for":[70,106,259],"diagnosis,":[72],"which":[73],"constructs":[74],"mixed":[76],"loss":[77,86],"function":[78],"that":[79,130,201,251],"can":[80,205,230],"integrate":[81],"advantages":[83],"multiple":[85,132],"functions.":[87],"This":[88,148],"paper":[89,149],"uses":[90],"accuracy":[92,191,204,226,238],"validation":[95],"set":[96],"as":[97,183],"reward":[99,118],"value,":[100],"obtains":[102],"initial":[104],"model":[105,113],"next":[108],"epoch":[109],"by":[110,164],"searching":[111],"corresponding":[114],"maximum":[117],"value":[119],"in":[120],"each":[121],"epoch.":[122],"We":[123],"also":[124,150],"prediction":[128,241],"integrates":[131],"frameworks":[134],"using":[135],"parameter":[136],"sharing":[137],"predict":[139],"progression":[141],"patients'":[143],"without":[145,193],"additional":[146,194],"training.":[147,195],"constructed":[151],"higher-quality":[153],"version":[154],"CT":[157],"image":[158],"dataset":[159],"containing":[160],"247":[161],"cases":[162],"screened":[163],"professional":[165],"physicians,":[166],"obtained":[168],"excellent":[170],"results":[171,199],"this":[173],"dataset.":[174],"Meanwhile,":[175],"used":[177],"other":[179],"two":[180],"datasets":[182],"external":[184,228],"verifications,":[185],"still":[187],"achieved":[188],"high":[190],"rate":[192],"Finally,":[196],"experimental":[198],"show":[200],"our":[202,240,252],"classification":[203],"reach":[206,231],"98.31%,":[207],"precision,":[210],"sensitivity,":[211],"specificity,":[212],"AUC":[214],"(Area":[215],"Under":[216],"Curve)":[217],"are":[218],"98.82%,":[219],"97.99%,":[220],"98.67%,":[221],"0.989,":[223],"respectively.":[224],"The":[225],"verification":[229],"93.34%":[232],"91.05%.":[234],"What's":[235],"more,":[236],"91.54%.":[244],"large":[246],"number":[247],"experiments":[249],"demonstrate":[250],"method":[254],"effective":[256],"robust":[258],"prediction.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
