{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285043277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3189640","title":"Breast Tumor Detection, Sizing and Localization Using a 24-Element Antenna Array","display_name":"Breast Tumor Detection, Sizing and Localization Using a 24-Element Antenna Array","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285043277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3189640","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35816522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2022.3189640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3189640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090091102","display_name":"Maria Moussa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5299-2510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria N. Moussa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5299-2510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081154259","display_name":"Mervat Madi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3435-9890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119744171","display_name":"Higher Colleges of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qmy9z88","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119744171"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mervat A. Madi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119744171"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044992708","display_name":"Karim Y. Kabalan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4494-9395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karim Y. Kabalan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4494-9395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1643,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87363139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"10","first_page":"5109","last_page":"5121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.5619551539421082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5575309991836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.5028316378593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.47250545024871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/element","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","score":0.42374908924102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29509401321411133}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.5619551539421082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5575309991836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.5028316378593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.47250545024871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.42374908924102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29509401321411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2022.3189640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3189640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35816522","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35816522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309999","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1047751539","https://openalex.org/W1495565871","https://openalex.org/W1513412106","https://openalex.org/W1963954390","https://openalex.org/W2008870786","https://openalex.org/W2011334893","https://openalex.org/W2039070870","https://openalex.org/W2087731171","https://openalex.org/W2123123905","https://openalex.org/W2149521858","https://openalex.org/W2179274921","https://openalex.org/W2465142829","https://openalex.org/W2537498672","https://openalex.org/W2569853615","https://openalex.org/W2594082021","https://openalex.org/W2763487565","https://openalex.org/W2772312873","https://openalex.org/W2790805703","https://openalex.org/W2791997977","https://openalex.org/W2798887774","https://openalex.org/W2807777573","https://openalex.org/W2899239428","https://openalex.org/W2903762265","https://openalex.org/W2912095677","https://openalex.org/W2915039965","https://openalex.org/W2958688361","https://openalex.org/W2967240379","https://openalex.org/W2972587068","https://openalex.org/W2980467356","https://openalex.org/W2983233096","https://openalex.org/W2984280476","https://openalex.org/W2985849463","https://openalex.org/W2995983646","https://openalex.org/W2996979662","https://openalex.org/W3008071812","https://openalex.org/W3017173712","https://openalex.org/W3019362195","https://openalex.org/W3033839164","https://openalex.org/W3034075348","https://openalex.org/W3037191671","https://openalex.org/W3047098494","https://openalex.org/W3047400858","https://openalex.org/W3082908607","https://openalex.org/W3084329194","https://openalex.org/W3087980013","https://openalex.org/W3090145519","https://openalex.org/W3092398584","https://openalex.org/W3094169683","https://openalex.org/W3103087870","https://openalex.org/W3108722056","https://openalex.org/W3112278219","https://openalex.org/W3117064105","https://openalex.org/W3117296691","https://openalex.org/W3120233004","https://openalex.org/W3122681715","https://openalex.org/W3126615425","https://openalex.org/W3129251432","https://openalex.org/W3150131669","https://openalex.org/W3153193530","https://openalex.org/W3156192297","https://openalex.org/W3156231814","https://openalex.org/W3176628209","https://openalex.org/W3186192234","https://openalex.org/W3209954421","https://openalex.org/W3215555873","https://openalex.org/W3215651271","https://openalex.org/W4211261698","https://openalex.org/W4245581736","https://openalex.org/W4247837909","https://openalex.org/W4254114551","https://openalex.org/W4283364036","https://openalex.org/W6679303805","https://openalex.org/W6756470628"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2375311683","https://openalex.org/W2366062860","https://openalex.org/W2373777250","https://openalex.org/W2353956655","https://openalex.org/W2020653254","https://openalex.org/W2400319883","https://openalex.org/W3110694720","https://openalex.org/W2036271115","https://openalex.org/W3188630320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,86,173],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,34,60,67,75,120,145,257],"simple":[4],"and":[5,13,56,80,90,124,171,243,265],"novel":[6],"design":[7,114],"for":[8,226,260],"breast":[9,261],"cancer":[10],"detection,":[11,263],"sizing":[12,264],"localization.":[14],"A":[15],"miniature-sized":[16],"antenna":[17,113,136,253],"of":[18,30,63,70,77,83,99,109,128,134,149,166,191],"volume":[19],"10$":[20],"\\times":[21,23],"$10$":[22],"$1.6$\\mathrm{m}{\\mathrm{m}}^3$is":[24],"designed":[25],"at":[26,144],"an":[27,81,96,125,156],"optimized":[28],"frequency":[29,98],"7.98":[31],"GHz":[32,101,123],"with":[33,102],"positive":[35],"gain":[36,76,127],"using":[37,52],"the":[38,112,135,153,164,167,179,186,196,252],"fractal":[39],"theory;":[40],"it":[41,73,158,199,212,230],"is":[42,88,137,174,183,213],"based":[43],"on":[44],"two":[45],"nested":[46],"folds":[47],"connected":[48],"to":[49,94,118,139,162,222,235,255],"each":[50],"other":[51],"repeated":[53],"lines,":[54],"discs":[55],"circles.":[57],"It":[58],"exhibits":[59],"reflection":[61],"coefficient":[62],"\u221239":[64],"dB":[65,79],"over":[66],"simulated":[68],"bandwidth":[69,105],"340":[71],"MHz;":[72],"has":[74],"1.04":[78],"efficiency":[82],"around":[84,141],"70%.":[85],"prototype":[87],"fabricated":[89],"its":[91,116,160,169],"S11is":[92],"measured":[93],"get":[95,119],"operational":[97],"8.08":[100],"same":[103],"S11and":[104],"values.":[106],"The":[107,131,188],"insertion":[108],"slots":[110],"in":[111,195,250],"improved":[115,126],"performance":[117],"higher${\\mathrm{f}}_{\\text{op}}$of":[121],"8.21":[122],"2.43":[129],"dB.":[130],"SAR":[132],"value":[133],"found":[138],"be":[140,256],"1.4":[142],"W/Kg":[143],"safe":[146],"separation":[147],"distance":[148],"60":[150],"mm":[151],"from":[152,219,232],"breast.":[154,187],"As":[155,225],"array,":[157],"proved":[159,254],"ability":[161],"detect":[163],"presence":[165],"tumor,":[168],"size":[170],"position.":[172],"simply":[175],"achieved":[176],"by":[177],"plotting":[178],"propagating":[180],"E-field":[181,210],"that":[182,198,215],"induced":[184],"inside":[185],"main":[189],"advantage":[190],"this":[192],"system":[193],"lies":[194],"fact":[197],"does":[200],"not":[201],"require":[202],"any":[203],"long-time":[204],"complicated":[205],"image":[206],"processing.":[207],"By":[208],"observing":[209],"plots,":[211],"seen":[214],"the$|":[216,227],"{{\\mathrm{E}}_{\\mathrm{x}}}":[217],"|$decreased":[218],"8.37":[220],"V/m":[221,234],"1.91":[223],"V/m.":[224],"{{\\mathrm{E}}_{\\mathrm{y}}}":[228],"|$,":[229],"increased":[231],"2.72":[233],"4.12":[236],"V/m;":[237],"both":[238],"comparisons":[239],"made":[240],"between":[241],"healthy":[242],"cancerous":[244],"tissues,":[245],"respectively.":[246],"Simulations":[247],"are":[248],"conducted":[249],"HFSS;":[251],"good":[258],"candidate":[259],"tumor":[262],"localization":[266],"systems.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}