{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125218497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3148820","title":"An Explainable Transformer-Based Deep Learning Model for the Prediction of Incident Heart Failure","display_name":"An Explainable Transformer-Based Deep Learning Model for the Prediction of Incident Heart Failure","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3125218497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3148820","mag":"3125218497","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35130176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2022.3148820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3148820","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6221020/9813470/09706318.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6221020/9813470/09706318.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063293709","display_name":"Shishir Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-9416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shishir Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuffield Department of Women&#x0027;s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-9416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Department of Women&#x0027;s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102715557","display_name":"Yikuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9045-5786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yikuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuffield Department of Women&#x0027;s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9045-5786","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Department of Women&#x0027;s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050806006","display_name":"Rema Ramakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6784-8319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rema Ramakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6784-8319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057815334","display_name":"Abdel\u01ceali Hassa\u00efne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-1165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelaali Hassaine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuffield Department of Women&#x0027;s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-1165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Department of Women&#x0027;s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049277133","display_name":"Dexter Canoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-9901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802171185","display_name":"Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/04c8bjx39","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802171185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146357","display_name":"Oxford BioMedica (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03dp0vf82","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146357"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dexter Canoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuffield Department of Women&#x0027;s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Department of Women&#x0027;s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146357","https://openalex.org/I2802171185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017160240","display_name":"John G.F. Cleland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1471-7016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Cleland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1471-7016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091549352","display_name":"Thomas Lukasiewicz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Lukasiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113950709","display_name":"Gholamreza Salimi-Khorshidi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gholamreza Salimi-Khorshidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuffield Department of Women&#x0027;s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Department of Women&#x0027;s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016617643","display_name":"Kazem Rahimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4807-4610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802171185","display_name":"Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/04c8bjx39","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802171185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146357","display_name":"Oxford BioMedica (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03dp0vf82","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146357"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazem Rahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuffield Department of Women&#x0027;s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Department of Women&#x0027;s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146357","https://openalex.org/I2802171185"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063293709"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.9586,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":130,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99285905,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"7","first_page":"3362","last_page":"3372"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12246","display_name":"Chronic Disease Management Strategies","score":0.9745000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6359391808509827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.5833250284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.542998194694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5401412844657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5381342768669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-records","display_name":"Health records","score":0.5091516375541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.44968196749687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-modelling","display_name":"Predictive modelling","score":0.4435790181159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4254203736782074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.42480459809303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3342447280883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.14165621995925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10116133093833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08462783694267273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6359391808509827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.5833250284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.542998194694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5401412844657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5381342768669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019952477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Health records","level":3,"score":0.5091516375541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.44968196749687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.4435790181159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4254203736782074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.42480459809303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3342447280883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.14165621995925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10116133093833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08462783694267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2022.3148820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3148820","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6221020/9813470/09706318.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35130176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35130176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:265449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:3dcf8a9c-89a5-4ba6-8505-63822f1d14cd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3dcf8a9c-89a5-4ba6-8505-63822f1d14cd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2022.3148820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3148820","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6221020/9813470/09706318.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.75,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1047006668","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/P0110551/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","funder_display_name":"British Heart Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1256548025","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18/6/34217","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","funder_display_name":"British Heart Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1633672591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N510129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2018781732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RE/18/6/34217","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","funder_display_name":"British Heart Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2598251462","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PG/18/65/33872","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","funder_display_name":"British Heart Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2738757250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/P0110551/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3855435662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N510129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313467","funder_display_name":"Alan Turing Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4072067573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313467","funder_display_name":"Alan Turing Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G444630160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4500485203","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G521829944","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FS/PhD/21/29110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","funder_display_name":"British Heart Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5420266884","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6120213013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R013667/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G631149275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIHR130487","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7175308967","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIHRDH-NIHR130487","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7723329525","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","funder_display_name":"University of Oxford"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8581904048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8597009950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313467","display_name":"Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319994","display_name":"Department of Health and Social Care","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbpja79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321048","display_name":"AXA Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/02zxqxw53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334902","display_name":"Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3125218497.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3125218497.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87622087","https://openalex.org/W1592090008","https://openalex.org/W1948573329","https://openalex.org/W1984011921","https://openalex.org/W2014411687","https://openalex.org/W2018272155","https://openalex.org/W2038138438","https://openalex.org/W2068310561","https://openalex.org/W2071013975","https://openalex.org/W2119852447","https://openalex.org/W2121671360","https://openalex.org/W2136238096","https://openalex.org/W2137754485","https://openalex.org/W2216030004","https://openalex.org/W2262148753","https://openalex.org/W2274923892","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2481271618","https://openalex.org/W2510374688","https://openalex.org/W2553226765","https://openalex.org/W2601031783","https://openalex.org/W2604294572","https://openalex.org/W2608320814","https://openalex.org/W2616535083","https://openalex.org/W2770196824","https://openalex.org/W2790571740","https://openalex.org/W2804604520","https://openalex.org/W2807593075","https://openalex.org/W2901424910","https://openalex.org/W2944854690","https://openalex.org/W2944890781","https://openalex.org/W2946057388","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2972004025","https://openalex.org/W3000238064","https://openalex.org/W3017637887","https://openalex.org/W3136527868","https://openalex.org/W4238746485","https://openalex.org/W4293861706","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6726186668","https://openalex.org/W6739575509","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6762319049","https://openalex.org/W6766978945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385649027","https://openalex.org/W4249377076","https://openalex.org/W4400094315","https://openalex.org/W4210389441","https://openalex.org/W2970784617","https://openalex.org/W2395241803","https://openalex.org/W2126639667","https://openalex.org/W2217963778","https://openalex.org/W2003211637","https://openalex.org/W3036922967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Predicting":[0],"the":[1,64,83,112,125,128,131,143,151,233],"incidence":[2],"of":[3,48,114,203],"complex":[4],"chronic":[5],"conditions":[6],"such":[7],"as":[8],"heart":[9,51],"failure":[10,52],"is":[11,169,177],"challenging.":[12],"Deep":[13],"learning":[14,163,239],"models":[15],"applied":[16,67],"to":[17,37,101,123,130,200],"rich":[18],"electronic":[19,60],"health":[20,61],"records":[21,62],"may":[22],"improve":[23],"prediction":[24,47,229],"but":[25,215],"remain":[26],"unexplainable":[27],"hampering":[28],"their":[29],"wider":[30],"use":[31],"in":[32,127,226,241],"medical":[33],"practice.":[34],"We":[35],"aimed":[36],"develop":[38],"a":[39,68],"deep-learning":[40],"framework":[41],"for":[42,88,133,171],"accurate":[43],"and":[44,76,79,85,109,147,159,212],"yet":[45],"explainable":[46],"6-month":[49],"incident":[50],"(HF).":[53],"Using":[54],"100,071":[55],"patients":[56],"from":[57,210],"longitudinal":[58],"linked":[59],"across":[63],"U.K.,":[65],"we":[66],"novel":[69],"Transformer-based":[70],"risk":[71,194,228,249],"model":[72,103,138],"using":[73],"all":[74],"community":[75],"hospital":[77],"diagnoses":[78],"medications":[80],"contextualized":[81],"within":[82],"age":[84],"calendar":[86,175],"year":[87,176],"each":[89],"patient's":[90],"clinical":[91,211],"encounter.":[92],"Feature":[93],"importance":[94],"was":[95,121,184],"investigated":[96],"with":[97,207],"an":[98],"ablation":[99],"analysis":[100,166],"compare":[102],"performance":[104],"when":[105],"alternatively":[106],"removing":[107],"features":[108],"by":[110,187],"comparing":[111],"variability":[113,189],"temporal":[115,188],"representations.":[116],"A":[117],"post-hoc":[118],"perturbation":[119],"technique":[120],"conducted":[122],"propagate":[124],"changes":[126],"input":[129],"outcome":[132],"feature":[134],"contribution":[135],"analyses.":[136],"Our":[137],"achieved":[139],"0.93":[140],"area":[141,149],"under":[142,150],"receiver":[144],"operator":[145],"curve":[146,153],"0.69":[148],"precision-recall":[152],"on":[154],"internal":[155],"5-fold":[156],"cross":[157],"validation":[158],"outperformed":[160],"existing":[161,208],"deep":[162,238],"models.":[164,230],"Ablation":[165],"indicated":[167],"medication":[168],"important":[170,179],"predicting":[172],"HF":[173],"risk,":[174],"more":[178],"than":[180],"chronological":[181],"age,":[182],"which":[183,221],"further":[185],"reinforced":[186],"analysis.":[190],"Contribution":[191],"analyses":[192],"identified":[193],"factors":[195],"that":[196,236],"are":[197],"closely":[198],"related":[199],"HF.":[201],"Many":[202],"them":[204],"were":[205,219],"consistent":[206],"knowledge":[209],"epidemiological":[213],"research":[214],"several":[216],"new":[217],"associations":[218],"revealed":[220],"had":[222],"not":[223],"been":[224],"considered":[225],"expert-driven":[227],"In":[231],"conclusion,":[232],"results":[234],"highlight":[235],"our":[237],"model,":[240],"addition":[242],"high":[243],"predictive":[244],"performance,":[245],"can":[246],"inform":[247],"data-driven":[248],"factor":[250],"identification.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
