{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3192154273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2021.3102090","title":"Learning From Highly Confident Samples for Automatic Knee Osteoarthritis Severity Assessment: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative","display_name":"Learning From Highly Confident Samples for Automatic Knee Osteoarthritis Severity Assessment: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3192154273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2021.3102090","mag":"3192154273","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34347615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2021.3102090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2021.3102090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398595","display_name":"Yifan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3189-4513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3189-4513","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039204202","display_name":"Zhaori Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7315-3150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159575","display_name":"Huashan Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05201qm87","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaori Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7315-3150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4210159575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074095845","display_name":"Yuxue Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5008-6725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159575","display_name":"Huashan Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05201qm87","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxue Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Institute of Medical Functional and Molecular Imaging, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Institute of Medical Functional and Molecular Imaging, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4210159575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043100976","display_name":"Tao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6469-9613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064213921","display_name":"Xuan Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8097-4053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132426","display_name":"Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vfj3j86","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159575","display_name":"Huashan Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05201qm87","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, Department of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8097-4053","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4210159575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, Department of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4210132426"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443491","display_name":"Shuang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6716-1763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159575","display_name":"Huashan Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05201qm87","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Institute of Medical Functional and Molecular Imaging, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Institute of Medical Functional and Molecular Imaging, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4210159575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054960059","display_name":"Dian Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-5232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dian Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-5232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2416,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93004622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"1239","last_page":"1250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10105","display_name":"Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10105","display_name":"Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":0.9611999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9466000199317932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoarthritis","display_name":"Osteoarthritis","score":0.7592194676399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6485896110534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6251603364944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.5599732398986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4846935570240021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.4375000596046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.41595888137817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.41591161489486694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2848557233810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.09507051110267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.09201252460479736}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776164576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62736","display_name":"Osteoarthritis","level":3,"score":0.7592194676399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6485896110534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6251603364944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5599732398986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4846935570240021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.4375000596046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.41595888137817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.41591161489486694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2848557233810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09507051110267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.09201252460479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020370","descriptor_name":"Osteoarthritis, Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020370","descriptor_name":"Osteoarthritis, Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020370","descriptor_name":"Osteoarthritis, Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2021.3102090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2021.3102090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34347615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34347615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6261766095","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC2000205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W369786348","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1488030573","https://openalex.org/W1967057044","https://openalex.org/W1988301066","https://openalex.org/W2061757011","https://openalex.org/W2083800250","https://openalex.org/W2091418075","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2149128484","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2274971583","https://openalex.org/W2356845749","https://openalex.org/W2415408840","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2604526192","https://openalex.org/W2604759322","https://openalex.org/W2786807178","https://openalex.org/W2801319275","https://openalex.org/W2809254203","https://openalex.org/W2887280559","https://openalex.org/W2900954917","https://openalex.org/W2912658380","https://openalex.org/W2912934043","https://openalex.org/W2937996563","https://openalex.org/W2951269226","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963202012","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963565427","https://openalex.org/W2982361422","https://openalex.org/W2986764893","https://openalex.org/W2998512002","https://openalex.org/W3015522225","https://openalex.org/W3036586801","https://openalex.org/W3156669901","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4244259635","https://openalex.org/W4249152874","https://openalex.org/W6677082149","https://openalex.org/W6729223337","https://openalex.org/W6736304875","https://openalex.org/W6740005241","https://openalex.org/W6748310659","https://openalex.org/W6751647823","https://openalex.org/W6751661576","https://openalex.org/W6768650389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W650762618","https://openalex.org/W2579996474","https://openalex.org/W4386590483","https://openalex.org/W4242815383","https://openalex.org/W2346491184","https://openalex.org/W2169904250","https://openalex.org/W4388075929","https://openalex.org/W1902427662","https://openalex.org/W2491935629","https://openalex.org/W4220782594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knee":[0],"osteoarthritis":[1],"(OA)":[2],"is":[3,33,66],"a":[4,104,123,157,170],"chronic":[5],"disease":[6],"that":[7,108],"considerably":[8],"reduces":[9],"patients'":[10],"quality":[11],"of":[12,22,31,149,173,197],"life.":[13],"Preventive":[14],"therapies":[15],"require":[16],"early":[17],"detection":[18,190],"and":[19,38,61,145,163],"lifetime":[20],"monitoring":[21],"OA":[23,32,55,100,165,178,189],"progression.":[24],"In":[25],"the":[26,29,36,71,88,92,96,99,111,132,137,142,147,176,194,207,228,244],"clinical":[27],"environment,":[28],"severity":[30,56],"classified":[34],"by":[35],"Kellgren":[37],"Lawrence":[39],"(KL)":[40],"grading":[41],"system,":[42],"ranging":[43],"from":[44,131,193,243],"KL-0":[45,208],"to":[46,54,58,70,117,127,217,230],"KL-4.":[47],"Recently,":[48],"deep":[49],"learning":[50,106],"methods":[51],"were":[52],"applied":[53],"assessment":[57,179],"improve":[59],"accuracy":[60,172],"efficiency.":[62],"However,":[63],"this":[64,239],"task":[65,162],"still":[67,191],"challenging":[68],"due":[69],"ambiguity":[72],"between":[73],"adjacent":[74],"grades,":[75],"especially":[76],"in":[77,98,156,238],"early-stage":[78,164,188],"OA.":[79],"Low":[80],"confident":[81,151],"samples,":[82],"which":[83,181],"are":[84,154],"less":[85],"representative":[86],"than":[87],"typical":[89,143],"ones,":[90],"undermine":[91],"training":[93],"process.":[94],"Targeting":[95],"uncertainty":[97],"dataset,":[101],"we":[102,121,140,213],"propose":[103],"novel":[105],"scheme":[107],"dynamically":[109],"separates":[110],"data":[112,221],"into":[113],"two":[114,133],"sets":[115,134],"according":[116],"their":[118],"reliability.":[119],"Besides,":[120],"design":[122,214],"hybrid":[124],"loss":[125],"function":[126],"help":[128],"CNN":[129],"learn":[130],"accordingly.":[135],"With":[136],"proposed":[138],"approach,":[139],"emphasize":[141],"samples":[144],"control":[146],"impacts":[148],"low":[150,232],"cases.":[152],"Experiments":[153],"conducted":[155],"five-fold":[158],"manner":[159],"on":[160,175,206],"five-class":[161,177],"task.":[166,211],"Our":[167],"method":[168],"achieves":[169,203],"mean":[171],"70.13%":[174],"task,":[180],"outperforms":[182],"all":[183],"other":[184],"state-of-art":[185],"methods.":[186],"Despite":[187],"benefiting":[192],"human":[195],"intervention":[196],"lesion":[198],"region":[199],"selection,":[200],"our":[201],"approach":[202],"superior":[204],"performance":[205],"vs.":[209],"KL-2":[210],"Moreover,":[212],"an":[215],"experiment":[216],"validate":[218],"large-scale":[219],"automatic":[220],"refining":[222],"during":[223],"training.":[224],"The":[225,235],"result":[226],"verifies":[227],"ability":[229],"characterize":[231],"confidence":[233],"samples.":[234],"dataset":[236],"used":[237],"paper":[240],"was":[241],"obtained":[242],"Osteoarthritis":[245],"Initiative.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}