{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159065509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2021.3075752","title":"Bridging the Gap Between 2D and 3D Contexts in CT Volume for Liver and Tumor Segmentation","display_name":"Bridging the Gap Between 2D and 3D Contexts in CT Volume for Liver and Tumor Segmentation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159065509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2021.3075752","mag":"3159065509","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33905339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2021.3075752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2021.3075752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027971286","display_name":"Lei Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7108-2232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7108-2232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028229824","display_name":"Haoqian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2792-8469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158809036","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrf9427","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoqian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute of Future Media Technology, Shenzhen, China","Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2792-8469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Future Media Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051587486","display_name":"Z. Jane Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3791-0249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Jane Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3791-0249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.711,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91224143,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"9","first_page":"3450","last_page":"3459"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8088140487670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7103641033172607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jaccard-index","display_name":"Jaccard index","score":0.6111752986907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6063323020935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-contextual-awareness","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","score":0.5335522294044495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voxel","display_name":"Voxel","score":0.5263446569442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5173446536064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.4824391305446625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.47238588333129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45643699169158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.4132378101348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3566567003726959}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8088140487670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7103641033172607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203519979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865360","display_name":"Jaccard index","level":3,"score":0.6111752986907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6063323020935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64754055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574053","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","level":2,"score":0.5335522294044495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.5263446569442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5173446536064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4824391305446625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.47238588333129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45643699169158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4132378101348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3566567003726959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2021.3075752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2021.3075752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33905339","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33905339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4958032829","display_name":"\u5bbd\u89c6\u573a\u5c42\u6790\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u50cf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61831014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2613041730","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2765571304","https://openalex.org/W2786904934","https://openalex.org/W2796630897","https://openalex.org/W2887113336","https://openalex.org/W2897666251","https://openalex.org/W2899279931","https://openalex.org/W2910094941","https://openalex.org/W2913637767","https://openalex.org/W2913941036","https://openalex.org/W2916027136","https://openalex.org/W2944016032","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2963183244","https://openalex.org/W2963392702","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963789949","https://openalex.org/W2964227007","https://openalex.org/W2965669393","https://openalex.org/W2979374073","https://openalex.org/W2979439050","https://openalex.org/W2980719958","https://openalex.org/W2986785750","https://openalex.org/W2990354819","https://openalex.org/W2995850447","https://openalex.org/W2996131899","https://openalex.org/W2999417355","https://openalex.org/W3004909224","https://openalex.org/W3006300626","https://openalex.org/W3016467915","https://openalex.org/W3094651761","https://openalex.org/W3094672651","https://openalex.org/W3101123465","https://openalex.org/W3102277994","https://openalex.org/W4297748429","https://openalex.org/W4309233581","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6746189028","https://openalex.org/W6748512009","https://openalex.org/W6758047254","https://openalex.org/W6948015715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254879869","https://openalex.org/W3022576529","https://openalex.org/W2628526247","https://openalex.org/W2596401011","https://openalex.org/W2913569734","https://openalex.org/W4401519790","https://openalex.org/W2702570413","https://openalex.org/W3127229356","https://openalex.org/W2901284887","https://openalex.org/W2294604808"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"liver":[1,80,242],"and":[2,16,81,101,136,148,163,178,191,202,225,243],"tumor":[3,82,244],"segmentation":[4,182],"remain":[5],"a":[6,89,128,137,184,233],"challenging":[7],"topic,":[8],"which":[9],"subjects":[10],"to":[11,95,237],"the":[12,29,34,44,54,64,97,109,113,121,153,158,169,175,181,197,200,219,226,239],"exploration":[13,76],"of":[14,160,188],"2D":[15,30,100,129,161,201],"3D":[17,55,102,138,164,203],"contexts":[18,204,240],"in":[19,58,67,116,124,174,208],"CT":[20,35,117,176],"volume.":[21],"Existing":[22],"methods":[23],"are":[24,145,150,205],"either":[25],"only":[26],"focus":[27],"on":[28,218],"context":[31,56,75,162],"by":[32,152],"treating":[33],"volume":[36,118,177],"as":[37],"many":[38,59],"independent":[39],"image":[40],"slices":[41],"(but":[42,62],"ignore":[43],"useful":[45],"temporal":[46,110,139,165],"information":[47,111],"between":[48,99],"adjacent":[49],"slices),":[50],"or":[51],"just":[52],"explore":[53,238],"lied":[57],"little":[60],"voxels":[61],"damage":[63],"spatial":[65,122,130],"detail":[66,123],"each":[68,125],"slice).":[69],"These":[70],"factors":[71],"lead":[72],"an":[73,209],"inadequate":[74],"together":[77],"for":[78,132,141,241],"automatic":[79],"segmentation.":[83,245],"In":[84],"this":[85],"paper,":[86],"we":[87],"propose":[88],"novel":[90],"full-context":[91],"convolution":[92],"neural":[93],"network":[94,106,131,140,198,214],"bridge":[96],"gap":[98],"contexts.":[103],"The":[104,212],"proposed":[105,146,213],"can":[107],"utilize":[108],"along":[112],"Z":[114],"axis":[115],"while":[119],"retaining":[120],"slice.":[126],"Specifically,":[127],"intra-slice":[133],"features":[134,143],"extraction":[135,144],"inter-slice":[142],"separately":[147],"then":[149],"guided":[151],"squeeze-and-excitation":[154],"layer":[155],"that":[156],"allows":[157],"flow":[159],"information.":[166],"To":[167],"address":[168],"severe":[170],"class":[171],"imbalance":[172],"issue":[173],"meanwhile":[179],"improve":[180],"performance,":[183],"loss":[185],"function":[186],"consisting":[187],"weighted":[189],"cross-entropy":[190],"jaccard":[192],"distance":[193],"is":[194],"proposed.":[195],"During":[196],"training,":[199],"learned":[206],"jointly":[207],"end-to-end":[210],"way.":[211],"achieves":[215],"competitive":[216],"results":[217],"Liver":[220],"Tumor":[221],"Segmentation":[222],"Challenge":[223],"(LiTS)":[224],"3D-IRCADB":[227],"datasets.":[228],"This":[229],"method":[230],"should":[231],"be":[232],"new":[234],"promising":[235],"paradigm":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}