{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2986888469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2019.2952618","title":"Toward a Wearable System for Predicting Freezing of Gait in People Affected by Parkinson's Disease","display_name":"Toward a Wearable System for Predicting Freezing of Gait in People Affected by Parkinson's Disease","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2986888469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2019.2952618","mag":"2986888469","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31715577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2019.2952618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2019.2952618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085342510","display_name":"Florenc Demrozi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5422-9826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119439378","display_name":"University of Verona","ror":"https://ror.org/039bp8j42","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florenc Demrozi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003773371","display_name":"Ruggero Bacchin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3347-7679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119439378","display_name":"University of Verona","ror":"https://ror.org/039bp8j42","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruggero Bacchin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060617430","display_name":"Stefano Tamburin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1561-2187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119439378","display_name":"University of Verona","ror":"https://ror.org/039bp8j42","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Tamburin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033671063","display_name":"Marco Cristani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0523-6042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119439378","display_name":"University of Verona","ror":"https://ror.org/039bp8j42","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Cristani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025088388","display_name":"Graziano Pravadelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7833-1673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119439378","display_name":"University of Verona","ror":"https://ror.org/039bp8j42","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graziano Pravadelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085342510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.548,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9937953,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"9","first_page":"2444","last_page":"2451"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.8638759851455688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.7297699451446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7278163433074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6813324689865112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5940060615539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.44611412286758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37398481369018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33832067251205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.24162936210632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.11630776524543762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11478227376937866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.8638759851455688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.7297699451446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7278163433074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6813324689865112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5940060615539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.44611412286758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37398481369018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33832067251205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.24162936210632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.11630776524543762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11478227376937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2019.2952618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2019.2952618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31715577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31715577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4952878","https://openalex.org/W46659105","https://openalex.org/W134203394","https://openalex.org/W1520741413","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1983989471","https://openalex.org/W1994438169","https://openalex.org/W2001619934","https://openalex.org/W2004492385","https://openalex.org/W2014115543","https://openalex.org/W2023507165","https://openalex.org/W2056061278","https://openalex.org/W2061737788","https://openalex.org/W2079859083","https://openalex.org/W2100832343","https://openalex.org/W2108572733","https://openalex.org/W2114808721","https://openalex.org/W2128892560","https://openalex.org/W2132894148","https://openalex.org/W2184638288","https://openalex.org/W2294210698","https://openalex.org/W2409435003","https://openalex.org/W2551960162","https://openalex.org/W2588989789","https://openalex.org/W2592073184","https://openalex.org/W2615874593","https://openalex.org/W2744736981","https://openalex.org/W2765693785","https://openalex.org/W2791463426","https://openalex.org/W2794358905","https://openalex.org/W2897498060","https://openalex.org/W2921806561","https://openalex.org/W2922088053","https://openalex.org/W2951467890","https://openalex.org/W2972942705","https://openalex.org/W4211123396","https://openalex.org/W6602002561","https://openalex.org/W6631284620","https://openalex.org/W6755330547","https://openalex.org/W6760515797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090300519","https://openalex.org/W2514492205","https://openalex.org/W4250401876","https://openalex.org/W2943851981","https://openalex.org/W2566526749","https://openalex.org/W2907667791","https://openalex.org/W3047461507","https://openalex.org/W3126390843","https://openalex.org/W4245880644","https://openalex.org/W4312415459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Some":[0],"wearable":[1,230],"solutions":[2,46],"exploiting":[3],"on-body":[4],"acceleration":[5],"sensors":[6,100],"have":[7],"been":[8],"proposed":[9,148],"to":[10,37,56,59,86,132,152,184,232],"recognize":[11],"Freezing":[12],"of":[13,34,138,146,169,225],"Gait":[14,93,108],"(FoG)":[15],"in":[16,49,66,91,135,167,181],"people":[17],"affected":[18],"by":[19,69,96,187,228],"Parkinson":[20],"Disease":[21],"(PD).":[22],"Once":[23],"a":[24,32,71,83,219,229],"FoG":[25,51,58,89,170,186],"event":[26],"is":[27],"detected,":[28],"these":[29,45],"systems":[30],"generate":[31],"sequence":[33],"rhythmic":[35,226],"stimuli":[36,227],"allow":[38],"the":[39,42,67,103,114,147,164,177,182,189,216,223,234,237],"patient":[40,235],"restarting":[41],"gait.":[43],"While":[44],"are":[47,54],"effective":[48],"detecting":[50],"events,":[52],"they":[53],"unable":[55],"predict":[57,185],"prevent":[60],"its":[61],"occurrence.":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"fills":[65],"gap":[68],"presenting":[70],"machine":[72],"learning-based":[73],"approach":[74],"that":[75],"classifies":[76],"accelerometer":[77,99],"data":[78,117,119],"from":[79,113],"PD":[80],"patients,":[81],"recognizing":[82],"pre-FOG":[84],"phase":[85],"further":[87],"anticipate":[88],"occurrence":[90],"advance.":[92],"was":[94,130,150],"monitored":[95],"three":[97,136],"tri-axial":[98],"worn":[101],"on":[102,210,218],"back,":[104],"hip":[105],"and":[106,121,142,196,201,203,222],"ankle.":[107],"features":[109],"were":[110,174],"then":[111],"extracted":[112],"accelerometer's":[115],"raw":[116],"through":[118],"windowing":[120],"non-linear":[122],"dimensionality":[123],"reduction.":[124],"A":[125],"k-nearest":[126],"neighbor":[127],"algorithm":[128,206],"(k-NN)":[129],"used":[131],"classify":[133],"gait":[134],"classes":[137],"events:":[139],"pre-FoG,":[140],"no-FoG":[141],"FoG.":[143,238],"The":[144],"accuracy":[145],"solution":[149],"compared":[151],"state-of-the-art":[153,165],"approaches.":[154],"Our":[155],"study":[156],"showed":[157],"that:":[158],"(i)":[159],"we":[160,173],"achieved":[161],"performances":[162],"overcoming":[163],"approaches":[166],"terms":[168],"detection,":[171],"(ii)":[172],"able,":[175],"for":[176],"very":[178],"first":[179],"time":[180],"literature,":[183],"identifying":[188],"pre-FoG":[190],"events":[191],"with":[192],"an":[193],"average":[194],"sensitivity":[195],"specificity":[197],"of,":[198],"respectively,":[199],"94.1%":[200],"97.1%,":[202],"(iii)":[204],"our":[205],"can":[207],"be":[208],"executed":[209],"resource-constrained":[211],"devices.":[212],"Future":[213],"applications":[214],"include":[215],"implementation":[217],"mobile":[220],"device,":[221],"administration":[224],"device":[231],"help":[233],"overcome":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}