{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2904680839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2018.2885139","title":"Bidirectional Recurrent Auto-Encoder for Photoplethysmogram Denoising","display_name":"Bidirectional Recurrent Auto-Encoder for Photoplethysmogram Denoising","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2904680839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2018.2885139","mag":"2904680839","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30530376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2018.2885139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2018.2885139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049320683","display_name":"Joonnyong Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3642-9891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joonnyong Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013223600","display_name":"Sukkyu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2098-708X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802835388","display_name":"Seoul National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01z4nnt86","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sukkyu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102722551","display_name":"Seung-Man Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-9194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung Man Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-9194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014752136","display_name":"Jangjay Sohn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-0831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jang Jay Sohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-0831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319928","display_name":"Jonghyun Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5544-7617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonghyun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5544-7617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033572653","display_name":"Saram Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2441-8052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802835388","display_name":"Seoul National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01z4nnt86","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saram Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089090600","display_name":"Hee Chan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2112-426X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hee Chan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2112-426X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049320683"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3372,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79894971,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"6","first_page":"2375","last_page":"2385"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.9416975378990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.8144057989120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6960598230361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6756356358528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6421493887901306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6218499541282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5848890542984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5754181742668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.4657343924045563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4387938976287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.42440664768218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/step-detection","display_name":"Step detection","score":0.4117394983768463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.33346569538116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.266831636428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17519700527191162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.11226078867912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10924091935157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.06731671094894409}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.9416975378990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.8144057989120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6960598230361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6756356358528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6421493887901306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6218499541282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5848890542984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5754181742668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.4657343924045563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4387938976287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.42440664768218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C293773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7608015","display_name":"Step detection","level":3,"score":0.4117394983768463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.33346569538116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.266831636428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17519700527191162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.11226078867912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10924091935157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06731671094894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2018.2885139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2018.2885139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30530376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30530376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480100137","https://openalex.org/W1484070046","https://openalex.org/W1573847880","https://openalex.org/W1594461330","https://openalex.org/W1601124178","https://openalex.org/W1925569585","https://openalex.org/W1973681148","https://openalex.org/W1981918735","https://openalex.org/W1982692087","https://openalex.org/W1984571313","https://openalex.org/W1985023991","https://openalex.org/W1985034572","https://openalex.org/W1988681682","https://openalex.org/W1989614215","https://openalex.org/W2005741801","https://openalex.org/W2016300113","https://openalex.org/W2019882679","https://openalex.org/W2021674224","https://openalex.org/W2025768430","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2067985859","https://openalex.org/W2074667327","https://openalex.org/W2083872334","https://openalex.org/W2086248190","https://openalex.org/W2101394537","https://openalex.org/W2103675325","https://openalex.org/W2107718042","https://openalex.org/W2115093732","https://openalex.org/W2133629144","https://openalex.org/W2145094598","https://openalex.org/W2146587431","https://openalex.org/W2146842127","https://openalex.org/W2162273778","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2186331843","https://openalex.org/W2282641050","https://openalex.org/W2296581541","https://openalex.org/W2341449544","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2405774341","https://openalex.org/W2418993857","https://openalex.org/W2506102335","https://openalex.org/W2601746789","https://openalex.org/W2610751394","https://openalex.org/W2790444357","https://openalex.org/W2793520628","https://openalex.org/W2795278834","https://openalex.org/W2801383749","https://openalex.org/W2807710063","https://openalex.org/W2949760640","https://openalex.org/W2952116256","https://openalex.org/W2962707484","https://openalex.org/W2963421552","https://openalex.org/W2997574889","https://openalex.org/W3100736224","https://openalex.org/W4229826403","https://openalex.org/W6681096077","https://openalex.org/W6683715041","https://openalex.org/W6695477072","https://openalex.org/W6697251715","https://openalex.org/W6712503630","https://openalex.org/W6713658392","https://openalex.org/W6717541995","https://openalex.org/W6738923176","https://openalex.org/W6749607925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3109702176","https://openalex.org/W2536049644","https://openalex.org/W4362581794","https://openalex.org/W2387796150","https://openalex.org/W2139368882","https://openalex.org/W4385545089","https://openalex.org/W3083008816","https://openalex.org/W2348643679","https://openalex.org/W3196104895","https://openalex.org/W2356107741"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photoplethysmography":[0],"(PPG)":[1],"has":[2],"become":[3],"ubiquitous":[4],"with":[5,113,155,188],"the":[6,12,33,95,145,156,163,172,175,189,205,214],"development":[7],"of":[8,23,43,97,125,148,162,194],"smart":[9],"watches":[10],"and":[11,32,93,108,117,198,217],"mobile":[13],"healthcare":[14],"market.":[15],"However,":[16],"PPG":[17,78,126,140,177,191,215,225],"is":[18,208],"vulnerable":[19],"to":[20,35,52,196],"various":[21],"types":[22],"noises":[24],"that":[25,68,88,204],"are":[26,63],"ever":[27],"present":[28],"in":[29,59,132,182,192],"uncontrolled":[30],"environments,":[31],"key":[34],"obtaining":[36],"meaningful":[37],"signals":[38,127],"depends":[39],"on":[40,65,82,110,120],"successful":[41],"denoising":[42,79,85,213,222],"PPG.":[44],"In":[45,171],"this":[46],"context,":[47],"algorithms":[48],"have":[49,94],"been":[50],"developed":[51],"denoise":[53],"PPG,":[54],"but":[55],"many":[56],"were":[57],"validated":[58,109],"controlled":[60],"settings":[61],"or":[62],"reliant":[64],"multiple":[66],"steps":[67,92],"must":[69],"all":[70],"work":[71],"correctly.":[72],"This":[73],"paper":[74],"proposes":[75],"a":[76,111,121],"novel":[77],"algorithm":[80],"based":[81],"bidirectional":[83],"recurrent":[84],"auto-encoder":[86],"(BRDAE)":[87],"requires":[89],"minimal":[90],"pre-processing":[91],"benefit":[96],"waveform":[98,230],"feature":[99,226],"accentuation":[100,227],"beyond":[101,220],"simple":[102],"denoising.":[103],"The":[104],"BRDAE":[105,158],"was":[106,118],"trained":[107,157],"dataset":[112],"artificially":[114],"augmented":[115],"noise,":[116],"tested":[119],"large":[122],"open":[123],"database":[124],"collected":[128,142],"from":[129,139],"patients":[130],"enrolled":[131],"intensive":[133],"care":[134],"units":[135],"as":[136,138,186],"well":[137],"data":[141,165],"intermittently":[143],"during":[144,169],"daily":[146],"routine":[147],"nine":[149],"subjects":[150],"over":[151],"24":[152],"h.":[153],"Denoising":[154],"improved":[159],"signal-to-noise":[160],"ratio":[161],"noise-augmented":[164],"by":[166,223],"7.9":[167],"dB":[168],"validation.":[170],"test":[173],"datasets,":[174],"denoised":[176],"showed":[178],"statistically":[179],"significant":[180],"improvement":[181],"heart":[183],"rate":[184],"detection":[185],"compared":[187],"original":[190],"terms":[193],"correlation":[195],"reference":[197],"root-mean-squared":[199],"error.":[200],"These":[201],"results":[202],"indicate":[203],"proposed":[206],"method":[207],"an":[209],"effective":[210],"solution":[211],"for":[212,228],"signal,":[216],"promises":[218],"values":[219],"traditional":[221],"providing":[224],"pulse":[229],"analysis.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-10T08:33:47.465468","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
