{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2741034219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2017.2734074","title":"Variational Mode Extraction: A New Efficient Method to Derive Respiratory Signals from ECG","display_name":"Variational Mode Extraction: A New Efficient Method to Derive Respiratory Signals from ECG","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2741034219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2017.2734074","mag":"2741034219","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28783649"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2017.2734074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2017.2734074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027516324","display_name":"Mojtaba Nazari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4937-302X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84248293","display_name":"Babol Noshirvani University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02zc85170","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84248293"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mojtaba Nazari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84248293"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030706192","display_name":"Sayed Mahmoud Sakhaei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84248293","display_name":"Babol Noshirvani University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02zc85170","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84248293"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayed Mahmoud Sakhaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-4395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84248293"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027516324"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84248293"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9731,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":197,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87993928,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"1059","last_page":"1067"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert\u2013huang-transform","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","score":0.7979933023452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6739287376403809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6003542542457581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49945974349975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.49701765179634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4798419177532196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.44846001267433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.44403427839279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.418794184923172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3706602156162262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.338736891746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33505845069885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.11924707889556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10731512308120728}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25570617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006462","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","level":3,"score":0.7979933023452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6739287376403809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6003542542457581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49945974349975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.49701765179634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4798419177532196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.44846001267433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.44403427839279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.418794184923172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3706602156162262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.338736891746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33505845069885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.11924707889556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10731512308120728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056152","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056152","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056152","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2017.2734074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2017.2734074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28783649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28783649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586692934","https://openalex.org/W1669104078","https://openalex.org/W1980128087","https://openalex.org/W1995649898","https://openalex.org/W2000982976","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2015544881","https://openalex.org/W2019900743","https://openalex.org/W2026532990","https://openalex.org/W2028781454","https://openalex.org/W2104563593","https://openalex.org/W2106336403","https://openalex.org/W2107953804","https://openalex.org/W2115431794","https://openalex.org/W2121570917","https://openalex.org/W2124106073","https://openalex.org/W2126665596","https://openalex.org/W2128261760","https://openalex.org/W2151317568","https://openalex.org/W2159159261","https://openalex.org/W2169721303","https://openalex.org/W2171622756","https://openalex.org/W2288202919","https://openalex.org/W2482598200","https://openalex.org/W2536572210","https://openalex.org/W4252480509","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6637225622"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014107421","https://openalex.org/W2081563414","https://openalex.org/W2363056446","https://openalex.org/W2359718298","https://openalex.org/W2377062149","https://openalex.org/W2076661204","https://openalex.org/W2380939102","https://openalex.org/W2089603224","https://openalex.org/W2329112433","https://openalex.org/W2361199810"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ECG-derived":[0],"respiratory":[1,166],"(EDR)":[2],"signal":[3,91,119,153,168,173,201],"is":[4,64,105,142,169],"an":[5],"effective":[6],"and":[7,92,177,187,212],"inexpensive":[8],"method":[9,96,104,196],"to":[10],"monitor":[11],"the":[12,19,28,37,42,77,108,122,132,136,146,151,165,194,199],"respiration.":[13],"Previous":[14],"studies":[15],"have":[16,126],"shown":[17],"that":[18,193],"empirical":[20],"mode":[21,46,63,88,100,124,156],"decomposition":[22,47],"(EMD)":[23],"techniques":[24],"can":[25,197],"satisfactorily":[26],"extract":[27,198],"EDR":[29,58,80,147,152,172,200],"signal,":[30],"however,":[31],"their":[32],"performances":[33],"are":[34],"degraded":[35],"at":[36,131],"presence":[38],"of":[39,79,84,89,135,144,161],"noise.":[40,53],"On":[41],"other":[43],"hand,":[44],"variational":[45,99],"(VMD)":[48],"performs":[49],"good":[50],"robustness":[51],"against":[52],"In":[54,72,138],"applications":[55],"such":[56],"as":[57,81,98,111,154],"extraction,":[59],"where":[60],"a":[61,82,86,90,94,114,155,203],"specific":[62,87,123],"in":[65],"interest,":[66],"VMD":[67],"imposes":[68],"unnecessary":[69],"computational":[70,210],"cost.":[71],"this":[73,139],"paper,":[74],"we":[75],"consider":[76],"extraction":[78,101],"problem":[83,148],"obtaining":[85],"suggest":[93],"new":[95,115,195],"named":[97],"(VME).":[102],"The":[103,117,190],"established":[106],"on":[107],"similar":[109],"basis":[110],"VMD,":[112,184],"with":[113,157,180,202],"criterion:":[116],"residual":[118],"after":[120],"extracting":[121],"should":[125],"no":[127],"or":[128],"less":[129],"energy":[130],"center":[133,159],"frequency":[134,160],"mode.":[137],"regard,":[140],"VME":[141,176],"capable":[143],"solving":[145],"by":[149,175,183],"considering":[150],"approximate":[158],"zero.":[162],"For":[163],"verification,":[164],"rate":[167],"detected":[170],"from":[171],"extracted":[174],"compared":[178],"it":[179],"those":[181],"obtained":[182],"EMD-based":[185],"methods,":[186],"bandpass":[188],"filtering.":[189],"results":[191],"confirm":[192],"better":[204],"accuracy,":[205],"while":[206],"performing":[207],"much":[208],"lower":[209],"cost":[211],"higher":[213],"convergence":[214],"rate.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
