{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1957239790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2015.2429746","title":"Estimation of Respiratory Rate From Photoplethysmographic Imaging Videos Compared to Pulse Oximetry","display_name":"Estimation of Respiratory Rate From Photoplethysmographic Imaging Videos Compared to Pulse Oximetry","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1957239790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2015.2429746","mag":"1957239790","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25955999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2015.2429746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2015.2429746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/100726","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054554254","display_name":"Walter Karlen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8643-3074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799323385","display_name":"Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01rvn4p91","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385"]}],"countries":["CA","CH","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter Karlen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenssische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland","Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa","Electrical and Computer Engineering in Medicine Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8643-3074","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenssische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering in Medicine Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030341975","display_name":"Ainara Garde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9503-6908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ainara Garde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering in Medicine Group, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering in Medicine Group, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078075293","display_name":"Dorothy Myers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorothy Myers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering in Medicine Group, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering in Medicine Group, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109122147","display_name":"Cornie Scheffer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cornie Scheffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010534406","display_name":"J. Mark Ansermino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8427-2035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Mark Ansermino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering in Medicine Group, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering in Medicine Group, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055045540","display_name":"Guy A. Dumont","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2048-4391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guy A Dumont","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering in Medicine Group, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering in Medicine Group, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5417,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80895695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"1331","last_page":"1338"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-oximetry","display_name":"Pulse oximetry","score":0.8727844953536987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4896114468574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4354607164859772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41534852981567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia","display_name":"Anesthesia","score":0.10261893272399902}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780124106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140495","display_name":"Pulse oximetry","level":2,"score":0.8727844953536987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4896114468574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4354607164859772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41534852981567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.10261893272399902}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040421","descriptor_name":"Cell Phone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040421","descriptor_name":"Cell Phone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040421","descriptor_name":"Cell Phone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056152","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056152","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056152","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2015.2429746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2015.2429746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25955999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25955999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/100726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/100726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, 19 (4)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000100726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000100726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051236","display_name":"ETH Z\u00fcrich Research Collection","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/100726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/100726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, 19 (4)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322921","display_name":"Grand Challenges Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/02snbhr24"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494660667","https://openalex.org/W1896227886","https://openalex.org/W1965789387","https://openalex.org/W1975267419","https://openalex.org/W1998391547","https://openalex.org/W2003922338","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2008821584","https://openalex.org/W2015795623","https://openalex.org/W2024703065","https://openalex.org/W2025265708","https://openalex.org/W2036028500","https://openalex.org/W2042730494","https://openalex.org/W2047920280","https://openalex.org/W2052863780","https://openalex.org/W2054050439","https://openalex.org/W2055765136","https://openalex.org/W2055999471","https://openalex.org/W2060642847","https://openalex.org/W2077743706","https://openalex.org/W2086248190","https://openalex.org/W2124106073","https://openalex.org/W2135862578","https://openalex.org/W2138680037","https://openalex.org/W2140147284","https://openalex.org/W2148744889","https://openalex.org/W2159759971","https://openalex.org/W2272830787","https://openalex.org/W2323865216","https://openalex.org/W2898922957","https://openalex.org/W2937543702","https://openalex.org/W3101675062","https://openalex.org/W4243704736","https://openalex.org/W4249810852","https://openalex.org/W4250928742","https://openalex.org/W6641642764","https://openalex.org/W6680628196","https://openalex.org/W6761898732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,15,22,141,202,205],"study":[3,190],"evaluating":[4],"two":[5,26,88],"respiratory":[6,49,57,79,112,129,198,216],"rate":[7],"estimation":[8],"algorithms":[9],"using":[10,99],"videos":[11,68],"obtained":[12],"from":[13,71,87,131],"placing":[14,201],"finger":[16,203],"on":[17,29,62,204],"the":[18,96,132,137,155,166,177,180],"camera":[19],"lens":[20],"of":[21,38,147,223],"mobile":[23,100,206],"phone.":[24],"The":[25,120,152,189],"algorithms,":[27],"based":[28],"Smart":[30,121,178],"Fusion":[31,122],"and":[32,47,103],"empirical":[33],"mode":[34],"decomposition":[35],"(EMD),":[36],"consist":[37],"previously":[39],"developed":[40],"signal":[41],"processing":[42],"methods":[43],"to":[44,55,83,94,109,196],"detect":[45],"features":[46],"extract":[48],"induced":[50],"variations":[51],"in":[52],"photoplethysmographic":[53,66,133],"signals":[54],"estimate":[56,197],"rate.":[58],"With":[59],"custom-built":[60],"software":[61],"an":[63],"Android":[64],"phone,":[65],"imaging":[67,134],"were":[69,91,118],"recorded":[70,93,108],"19":[72],"healthy":[73],"adults":[74],"while":[75],"breathing":[76],"spontaneously":[77],"at":[78,161,215],"rates":[80,199,217],"between":[81],"6":[82,148],"32":[84],"breaths/min.":[85,163],"Signals":[86],"pulse":[89,156],"oximeters":[90],"simultaneously":[92],"compare":[95],"algorithms'":[97],"performance":[98],"phone":[101,207],"data":[102,158,173,224],"clinical":[104],"data.":[105,135],"Capnometry":[106],"was":[107,150,159,169],"obtain":[110],"reference":[111],"rates.":[113],"Two":[114],"hundred":[115],"seventy-two":[116],"recordings":[117,126],"analyzed.":[119],"algorithm":[123,227],"reported":[124],"39":[125],"with":[127],"insufficient":[128],"information":[130],"Of":[136],"232":[138],"remaining":[139],"recordings,":[140],"root":[142],"mean":[143],"square":[144],"error":[145],"(RMSE)":[146],"breaths/min":[149],"obtained.":[151],"RMSE":[153,164],"for":[154,165,186],"oximeter":[157],"lower":[160],"2.3":[162],"EMD":[167,181],"method":[168,182],"higher":[170],"throughout":[171],"all":[172],"sources":[174],"as,":[175],"unlike":[176],"Fusion,":[179],"did":[183],"not":[184],"screen":[185],"inconsistent":[187],"results.":[188],"showed":[191],"that":[192,210],"it":[193,211],"is":[194],"feasible":[195],"by":[200],"camera,":[208],"but":[209],"becomes":[212],"increasingly":[213],"challenging":[214],"greater":[218],"than":[219],"20":[220],"breaths/min,":[221],"independent":[222],"source":[225],"or":[226],"tested.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}