{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148324585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2015.2396198","title":"A Novel Curvature-Based Algorithm for Automatic Grading of Retinal Blood Vessel Tortuosity","display_name":"A Novel Curvature-Based Algorithm for Automatic Grading of Retinal Blood Vessel Tortuosity","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148324585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2015.2396198","mag":"2148324585","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25622332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2015.2396198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2015.2396198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028507749","display_name":"Masoud Aghamohamadian-Sharbaf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86958956","display_name":"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6ka752","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masoud Aghamohamadian-Sharbaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040672682","display_name":"Hamid Reza Pourreza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3560-8070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86958956","display_name":"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6ka752","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Reza Pourreza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091270405","display_name":"Touka Banaee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0312-487X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165560825","display_name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04sfka033","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165560825"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Touka Banaee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Retina Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Retina Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165560825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028507749"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.952,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93426273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"2","first_page":"586","last_page":"595"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12484","display_name":"Retinopathy of Prematurity Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tortuosity","display_name":"Tortuosity","score":0.9720464944839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curvature","display_name":"Curvature","score":0.7302024960517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5371366739273071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5004637241363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinopathy-of-prematurity","display_name":"Retinopathy of prematurity","score":0.4599202871322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4573376476764679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32298043370246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3097970485687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.0938059389591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.08864128589630127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185250623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683","display_name":"Tortuosity","level":3,"score":0.9720464944839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.7302024960517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5371366739273071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5004637241363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423087","display_name":"Retinopathy of prematurity","level":4,"score":0.4599202871322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4573376476764679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32298043370246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3097970485687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0938059389591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.08864128589630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012171","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012171","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012171","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012171","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012171","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012171","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2015.2396198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2015.2396198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25622332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25622332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31806161","https://openalex.org/W1565212980","https://openalex.org/W1584659845","https://openalex.org/W1597516475","https://openalex.org/W1966402698","https://openalex.org/W1977807778","https://openalex.org/W1996606936","https://openalex.org/W1998730268","https://openalex.org/W1999142692","https://openalex.org/W2000645510","https://openalex.org/W2003022131","https://openalex.org/W2008150751","https://openalex.org/W2017052783","https://openalex.org/W2019778763","https://openalex.org/W2030050257","https://openalex.org/W2037417771","https://openalex.org/W2042862558","https://openalex.org/W2055738078","https://openalex.org/W2057683168","https://openalex.org/W2080728020","https://openalex.org/W2096703988","https://openalex.org/W2102162245","https://openalex.org/W2103913084","https://openalex.org/W2104776149","https://openalex.org/W2105934000","https://openalex.org/W2108969748","https://openalex.org/W2128685600","https://openalex.org/W2140431812","https://openalex.org/W2149430368","https://openalex.org/W2152823057","https://openalex.org/W2155434128","https://openalex.org/W2169148364","https://openalex.org/W2171651020","https://openalex.org/W2332981639","https://openalex.org/W3148465273","https://openalex.org/W4210620228","https://openalex.org/W6601254606","https://openalex.org/W7008019971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3101152546","https://openalex.org/W2015139878","https://openalex.org/W2497324722","https://openalex.org/W4242461735","https://openalex.org/W1999837610","https://openalex.org/W2050474108","https://openalex.org/W3189172001","https://openalex.org/W4200526323","https://openalex.org/W2771232776","https://openalex.org/W2258342484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tortuosity":[0],"of":[1,9,14,33,37,55,69,72,91,94,139,164,203],"retinal":[2],"blood":[3],"vessels":[4],"is":[5,66,81,156],"an":[6,21,43,67,174,213],"important":[7,53],"symptom":[8],"diabetic":[10,192],"retinopathy":[11,13,202],"or":[12],"prematurity.":[15],"In":[16],"this":[17,101],"paper,":[18],"we":[19,62,98,114,146],"propose":[20],"automatic":[22],"image-based":[23],"method":[24,80,102,172],"for":[25,182,187,197],"measuring":[26],"single":[27],"vessel":[28,30,183,188,198],"and":[29,42,85,109,122,135,194,215],"network":[31,189,199],"tortuosity":[32,50,128,190,200,210],"these":[34],"vessels.":[35],"Simplicity":[36],"the":[38,47,52,56,92,95,116,120,123,144,162,165,209],"algorithm,":[39],"low-computational":[40],"burden,":[41],"excellent":[44,175],"matching":[45],"to":[46,126,151,159,168,206],"clinically":[48],"perceived":[49,211],"are":[51],"features":[54],"proposed":[57],"algorithm.":[58],"To":[59],"measure":[60,127],"tortuosity,":[61,184],"use":[63,119],"curvature":[64,76,108,216],"which":[65],"indicator":[68],"local":[70],"inflection":[71],"a":[73,82,130,218],"curve.":[74],"For":[75],"calculation,":[77],"template":[78],"disk":[79],"common":[83],"choice":[84],"has":[86],"been":[87],"utilized":[88],"in":[89,191,201],"most":[90],"state":[93,163],"art.":[96,166],"However,":[97],"show":[99,152,169,207],"that":[100,153,170,208],"does":[103],"not":[104],"possess":[105,217],"linearity":[106],"against":[107],"by":[110,212],"proposing":[111],"two":[112,136],"modifications,":[113],"improve":[115],"method.":[117],"We":[118],"basic":[121],"modified":[124],"methods":[125],"on":[129],"publicly":[131],"available":[132],"data":[133,137],"bank":[134],"banks":[138],"our":[140,154,171],"own.":[141],"While":[142],"interpreting":[143],"results,":[145],"pursue":[147],"three":[148],"goals.":[149],"First,":[150],"algorithm":[155],"more":[157],"efficient":[158],"implement":[160],"than":[161],"Second,":[167],"possesses":[173],"correlation":[176,181,186,196],"with":[177],"subjective":[178],"results":[179],"(0.94":[180],"0.95":[185],"retinopathy,":[193],"0.7":[195],"prematurity).":[204],"Third,":[205],"expert":[214],"nonlinear":[219],"relation.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}