{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1989433363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2014.2300846","title":"A Review on the State-of-the-Art Privacy-Preserving Approaches in the e-Health Clouds","display_name":"A Review on the State-of-the-Art Privacy-Preserving Approaches in the e-Health Clouds","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1989433363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2014.2300846","mag":"1989433363","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25014943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2014.2300846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2014.2300846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059175047","display_name":"Assad Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-053X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Assad Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA","[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003909640","display_name":"Samee U. Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5640-4942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samee U. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA","[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059175047"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":42.284,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":336,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99832926,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"1431","last_page":"1441"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8723936080932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.610716700553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.6000679731369019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5825937986373901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5600254535675049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.5495589375495911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5396625399589539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5283613801002502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information-exchange","display_name":"Health information exchange","score":0.41347599029541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.32925862073898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.32165244221687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information","display_name":"Health information","score":0.19394910335540771}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8723936080932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.610716700553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.6000679731369019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5825937986373901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5600254535675049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5495589375495911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5396625399589539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5283613801002502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778759051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5691085","display_name":"Health information exchange","level":4,"score":0.41347599029541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32925862073898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.32165244221687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982795734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health information","level":3,"score":0.19394910335540771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003219","descriptor_name":"Confidentiality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003219","descriptor_name":"Confidentiality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003219","descriptor_name":"Confidentiality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008492","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics Computing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008492","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics Computing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008492","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics Computing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2014.2300846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2014.2300846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25014943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25014943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":103,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70096886","https://openalex.org/W108015383","https://openalex.org/W140173003","https://openalex.org/W610610276","https://openalex.org/W1498316612","https://openalex.org/W1511886987","https://openalex.org/W1534176767","https://openalex.org/W1542399824","https://openalex.org/W1561907855","https://openalex.org/W1569083856","https://openalex.org/W1572593068","https://openalex.org/W1590823599","https://openalex.org/W1596208550","https://openalex.org/W1732459970","https://openalex.org/W1923535302","https://openalex.org/W1965360809","https://openalex.org/W1972675802","https://openalex.org/W1976188373","https://openalex.org/W1976420017","https://openalex.org/W1996578258","https://openalex.org/W2008476833","https://openalex.org/W2026973187","https://openalex.org/W2028639849","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2033174104","https://openalex.org/W2039841452","https://openalex.org/W2042220809","https://openalex.org/W2045756547","https://openalex.org/W2049245328","https://openalex.org/W2054203145","https://openalex.org/W2056634932","https://openalex.org/W2060889319","https://openalex.org/W2064941891","https://openalex.org/W2070473729","https://openalex.org/W2085580750","https://openalex.org/W2087065364","https://openalex.org/W2092496994","https://openalex.org/W2094350699","https://openalex.org/W2100979877","https://openalex.org/W2103868345","https://openalex.org/W2103966159","https://openalex.org/W2104724066","https://openalex.org/W2106844888","https://openalex.org/W2108072891","https://openalex.org/W2109412974","https://openalex.org/W2110205037","https://openalex.org/W2114428623","https://openalex.org/W2116626915","https://openalex.org/W2118329289","https://openalex.org/W2118359444","https://openalex.org/W2118875948","https://openalex.org/W2123389487","https://openalex.org/W2123870853","https://openalex.org/W2126324650","https://openalex.org/W2128232860","https://openalex.org/W2130051287","https://openalex.org/W2133039888","https://openalex.org/W2134585683","https://openalex.org/W2134894205","https://openalex.org/W2135656098","https://openalex.org/W2138001464","https://openalex.org/W2145255308","https://openalex.org/W2147929033","https://openalex.org/W2149584223","https://openalex.org/W2150187198","https://openalex.org/W2152924492","https://openalex.org/W2154107289","https://openalex.org/W2158701325","https://openalex.org/W2159985611","https://openalex.org/W2161214567","https://openalex.org/W2161778350","https://openalex.org/W2164327070","https://openalex.org/W2165464232","https://openalex.org/W2165589425","https://openalex.org/W2166944988","https://openalex.org/W2168240305","https://openalex.org/W2169659816","https://openalex.org/W2172280491","https://openalex.org/W2317363833","https://openalex.org/W2341547381","https://openalex.org/W2753555060","https://openalex.org/W2950776700","https://openalex.org/W3124978520","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4323913015","https://openalex.org/W6602830368","https://openalex.org/W6605672445","https://openalex.org/W6629862473","https://openalex.org/W6633562936","https://openalex.org/W6634295842","https://openalex.org/W6635176429","https://openalex.org/W6644242500","https://openalex.org/W6657779190","https://openalex.org/W6671828919","https://openalex.org/W6675486706","https://openalex.org/W6676171662","https://openalex.org/W6676361422","https://openalex.org/W6680329387","https://openalex.org/W6681464373","https://openalex.org/W6682311248","https://openalex.org/W6683346235","https://openalex.org/W6683799570","https://openalex.org/W6763982081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W2092530219","https://openalex.org/W2388464034","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2533125852","https://openalex.org/W2140460949","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W4389340727","https://openalex.org/W3127130931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud":[0],"computing":[1,7],"is":[2,184],"emerging":[3],"as":[4,62],"a":[5,63],"new":[6],"paradigm":[8],"in":[9,37,98,119,150,164],"the":[10,25,30,34,38,44,51,58,71,75,79,94,99,120,122,132,144,147,151,159,165,169,182,188,193],"healthcare":[11,76],"sector":[12,40],"besides":[13],"other":[14],"business":[15],"domains.":[16],"Large":[17],"numbers":[18],"of":[19,46,78,82,110,113,146,181,192],"health":[20,27,39,96,148],"organizations":[21,77],"have":[22,139],"started":[23],"shifting":[24,69],"electronic":[26,47],"information":[28,149],"to":[29,60,70,106,142,157],"cloud":[31,35,59,72,152],"environment.":[32,153],"Introducing":[33],"services":[36],"not":[41],"only":[42],"facilitates":[43],"exchange":[45],"medical":[48,64,114],"records":[49,115],"among":[50],"hospitals":[52],"and":[53,85,89,117,134,176,179,190,198],"clinics,":[54],"but":[55],"also":[56,86,102,185],"enables":[57],"act":[61],"record":[65],"storage":[66],"center.":[67],"Moreover,":[68,168],"environment":[73],"relieves":[74],"tedious":[80],"tasks":[81],"infrastructure":[83],"management":[84],"minimizes":[87],"development":[88],"maintenance":[90],"costs.":[91],"Nonetheless,":[92],"storing":[93],"patient":[95],"data":[97,107],"third-party":[100],"servers":[101],"entails":[103],"serious":[104],"threats":[105],"privacy.":[108],"Because":[109],"probable":[111],"disclosure":[112],"stored":[116],"exchanged":[118],"cloud,":[121],"patients'":[123],"privacy":[124,135,145],"concerns":[125],"should":[126],"essentially":[127],"be":[128],"considered":[129],"when":[130],"designing":[131],"security":[133],"mechanisms.":[136],"Various":[137],"approaches":[138,162,171,178,183,195],"been":[140],"used":[141],"preserve":[143],"This":[154],"survey":[155],"aims":[156],"encompass":[158],"state-of-the-art":[160],"privacy-preserving":[161,170],"employed":[163],"e-Health":[166],"clouds.":[167],"are":[172,196,202],"classified":[173],"into":[174],"cryptographic":[175],"noncryptographic":[177],"taxonomy":[180],"presented.":[186],"Furthermore,":[187],"strengths":[189],"weaknesses":[191],"presented":[194],"reported":[197],"some":[199],"open":[200],"issues":[201],"highlighted.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
