{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1988320258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2013.2292118","title":"Robustness, Specificity, and Reliability of an In-Ear Pulse Oximetric Sensor in Surgical Patients","display_name":"Robustness, Specificity, and Reliability of an In-Ear Pulse Oximetric Sensor in Surgical Patients","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1988320258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2013.2292118","mag":"1988320258","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25014931"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2013.2292118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2013.2292118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019591357","display_name":"Boudewijn Venema","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5164-4709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162505","display_name":"Philips (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05san5604","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849","https://openalex.org/I4210162505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boudewijn Venema","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162505","https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108241125","display_name":"Hartmut Gehring","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112713","display_name":"University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","ror":"https://ror.org/01tvm6f46","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hartmut Gehring","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, L\u00fcbeck, Germany","Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713","https://openalex.org/I9341345"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713","https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070585607","display_name":"Ina Michelsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2639-9171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112713","display_name":"University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","ror":"https://ror.org/01tvm6f46","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ina Michelsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, L\u00fcbeck, Germany","Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713","https://openalex.org/I9341345"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713","https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007842984","display_name":"Nikolai Blanik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162505","display_name":"Philips (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05san5604","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849","https://openalex.org/I4210162505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolai Blanik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162505","https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044093687","display_name":"Vladim\u00edr Bla\u017eek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162505","display_name":"Philips (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05san5604","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849","https://openalex.org/I4210162505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Blazek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162505","https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060021065","display_name":"Steffen Leonhardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6898-6887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162505","display_name":"Philips (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05san5604","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849","https://openalex.org/I4210162505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Leonhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162505","https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2131,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77300123,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"1178","last_page":"1185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45984968543052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38901689648628235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45984968543052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38901689648628235}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004424","descriptor_name":"Ear Canal","qualifier_ui":"Q000098","qualifier_name":"blood supply","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004424","descriptor_name":"Ear Canal","qualifier_ui":"Q000098","qualifier_name":"blood supply","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004424","descriptor_name":"Ear Canal","qualifier_ui":"Q000098","qualifier_name":"blood supply","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005240","descriptor_name":"Feasibility Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005240","descriptor_name":"Feasibility Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005240","descriptor_name":"Feasibility Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016343","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Intraoperative","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016343","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Intraoperative","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016343","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Intraoperative","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016343","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Intraoperative","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016343","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Intraoperative","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016343","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Intraoperative","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2013.2292118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2013.2292118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25014931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25014931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:233936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/233936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401033","display_name":"RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","host_organization_name":"RWTH Aachen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics 18(4), 1178-1185 (2013). doi:10.1109/JBHI.2013.2292118","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324232","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W132284657","https://openalex.org/W212976079","https://openalex.org/W1975062407","https://openalex.org/W1976723861","https://openalex.org/W2014248633","https://openalex.org/W2037353747","https://openalex.org/W2079486729","https://openalex.org/W2115200817","https://openalex.org/W2117656587","https://openalex.org/W2158314230","https://openalex.org/W2168688029","https://openalex.org/W2255363334","https://openalex.org/W3026262256","https://openalex.org/W3125742422","https://openalex.org/W4232851490","https://openalex.org/W6605304131","https://openalex.org/W6777440392","https://openalex.org/W6789352889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0,115],"many":[1],"years,":[2],"pulse":[3,57,143,195],"oximetry":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"widely":[7],"used":[8],"in":[9,66,97,111],"the":[10,62,84,88,147,164,193,218],"clinical":[11,113,179],"environment":[12],"for":[13,206],"a":[14,54,67,98,106,112,187,203,214],"reliable":[15,95],"monitoring":[16],"of":[17,90,163,171,190],"oxygen":[18],"saturation":[19],"(":[20],"SpO2)":[21],"and":[22,139,151,169,197],"heart":[23],"rate.":[24],"But":[25],"since":[26],"common":[27],"sensors":[28],"are":[29,129],"mainly":[30],"placed":[31],"to":[32,45,51,73,80,83,146],"peripheral":[33,47],"body":[34],"parts":[35],"as":[36],"finger":[37],"or":[38],"earlobe,":[39],"it":[40],"is":[41,71,175],"still":[42],"highly":[43],"susceptible":[44],"reduced":[46],"perfusion,":[48],"e.g.,":[49],"due":[50,79],"centralization.":[52],"Therefore,":[53],"novel":[55],"in-ear":[56,91,109,172],"oximetric":[58],"sensor":[59],"(placed":[60],"against":[61],"tragus)":[63],"was":[64,198],"presented":[65],"prior":[68],"work":[69],"which":[70],"deemed":[72],"be":[74],"independent":[75],"from":[76,105],"perfusion":[77,159,210],"fluctuations":[78],"its":[81],"proximity":[82],"trunk.":[85],"Having":[86],"demonstrated":[87,176],"feasibility":[89,168],"SpO2":[92,110,127,173,181],"measurement":[93,174],"with":[94,131,140,185,192,217],"specificity":[96],"laboratory":[99],"setting,":[100],"we":[101,155],"now":[102],"report":[103],"results":[104],"study":[107],"on":[108,120],"setting.":[114],"this,":[116],"trials":[117],"were":[118],"performed":[119],"29":[121],"adult":[122],"patients":[123],"undergoing":[124],"surgery.":[125],"In-ear":[126],"data":[128,133],"compared":[130],"SaO2":[132],"obtained":[134],"by":[135,161,201],"blood":[136],"gas":[137],"analysis,":[138],"three":[141],"reference":[142,194,219],"oximeters":[144],"applied":[145],"finger,":[148],"ear":[149],"lobe,":[150],"forehead.":[152],"In":[153],"addition,":[154],"derived":[156],"an":[157],"SpO2-independent":[158],"index":[160,211],"means":[162],"wavelengths":[165],"used.":[166],"The":[167,209],"robustness":[170],"under":[177],"challenging":[178],"conditions.":[180],"shows":[182,213],"good":[183,215],"accordance":[184],"SaO2,":[186],"high":[188],"level":[189],"comparability":[191],"oximeters,":[196],"significantly":[199],"improved":[200],"introducing":[202],"new":[204],"algorithm":[205],"artifact":[207],"reduction.":[208],"also":[212],"correlation":[216],"data.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}