{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416095506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2025.125438","title":"Crafting Physical Adversarial Examples by Combining Differentiable and Physically Based Renders","display_name":"Crafting Physical Adversarial Examples by Combining Differentiable and Physically Based Renders","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416095506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2025.125438"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jas.2025.125438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2025.125438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484288132","display_name":"IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica","issn_l":"2329-9266","issn":["2329-9266","2329-9274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.04662","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103092570","display_name":"Yuqiu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5708-4467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuqiu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,China,100083"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5708-4467","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,China,100083","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003902156","display_name":"Huanqian Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9444-3165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanqian Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Department of Computer Science and Technology,Beijing,China,100084"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9444-3165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Department of Computer Science and Technology,Beijing,China,100084","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048904299","display_name":"Xiaopei Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8971-6475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Department of Computer Science and Technology,Beijing,China,100084"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8971-6475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Department of Computer Science and Technology,Beijing,China,100084","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaolin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4907-7354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I144112489","display_name":"McGovern Institute for Brain Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05ymca674","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I144112489","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), DG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University,Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI),Department of Computer Science and Technology,Beijing,China,100084"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4907-7354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), DG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University,Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI),Department of Computer Science and Technology,Beijing,China,100084","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144112489"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2012-5367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,China,100083"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2012-5367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,China,100083","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341885","display_name":"Hang Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8294-6315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Department of Computer Science and Technology,Beijing,China,100084"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8294-6315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Department of Computer Science and Technology,Beijing,China,100084","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chen Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6897-4512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,Singapore,119077"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6897-4512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,Singapore,119077","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103092570"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00917615,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"620","last_page":"632"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.5812000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.5812000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.17759999632835388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.05689999833703041,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camouflage","display_name":"Camouflage","score":0.8428000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7224000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6355999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.39890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.3734000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776196576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196113","display_name":"Camouflage","level":2,"score":0.8428000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7224000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7218000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6355999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6294000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5396000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.39890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202615002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783507","display_name":"Differentiable function","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jas.2025.125438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2025.125438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484288132","display_name":"IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica","issn_l":"2329-9266","issn":["2329-9266","2329-9274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.04662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04662","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.04662","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.04662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04662","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.04662","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3710292167","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2341228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"we":[1,81,131],"have":[2],"witnessed":[3],"progress":[4],"in":[5,15,59,101,126,174,197],"hiding":[6],"road":[7],"vehicles":[8],"against":[9],"object":[10],"detectors":[11],"through":[12],"adversarial":[13,75,88,140,167],"camouflage":[14,76,90,168],"the":[16,25,32,49,96,99,102,121,127,157,175,199,203],"digital":[17,200],"world.":[18,51,129,205],"The":[19,153],"extension":[20],"of":[21,34,64,107,177],"this":[22],"technique":[23],"to":[24,48,56,94,105,138],"physical":[26,50,66,87,204],"world":[27,201],"is":[28,53,113],"crucial":[29],"for":[30,69,78,115,181],"testing":[31],"robustness":[33],"autonomous":[35],"driving":[36],"systems.":[37],"However,":[38],"existing":[39],"methods":[40,68],"do":[41],"not":[42],"show":[43],"good":[44,195],"performances":[45],"when":[46,124],"applied":[47,125],"This":[52,111],"partly":[54],"due":[55],"insufficient":[57],"photorealism":[58],"training":[60],"examples,":[61],"and":[62,119,145,150,172,202],"lack":[63],"proper":[65],"realization":[67],"camouflage.":[70],"To":[71],"generate":[72],"a":[73,83],"robust":[74],"suitable":[77],"real":[79,128,185],"vehicles,":[80],"propose":[82,93],"novel":[84],"method":[85,154,193],"called":[86],"vehicle":[89],"(PAV-Camou).":[91],"We":[92],"adjust":[95],"mapping":[97],"from":[98],"coordinates":[100],"2D":[103,178],"map":[104],"those":[106],"corresponding":[108],"3D":[109],"model.":[110],"process":[112],"critical":[114],"mitigating":[116],"texture":[117,151],"distortion":[118],"ensuring":[120],"camouflage's":[122],"effectiveness":[123],"Then":[130],"combine":[132],"two":[133],"renderers":[134],"with":[135],"different":[136],"characteristics":[137],"obtain":[139],"examples":[141],"that":[142,156,190],"are":[143],"photorealistic":[144],"closely":[146],"mimic":[147],"real-world":[148],"lighting":[149],"properties.":[152],"ensures":[155],"generated":[158],"textures":[159],"remain":[160],"effective":[161],"under":[162],"diverse":[163],"environmental":[164],"conditions.":[165],"Our":[166],"can":[169],"be":[170],"optimized":[171],"printed":[173],"form":[176],"patterns,":[179],"allowing":[180],"direct":[182],"application":[183],"on":[184],"vehicles.":[186],"Extensive":[187],"experiments":[188],"demonstrated":[189],"our":[191],"proposed":[192],"achieved":[194],"performance":[196],"both":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T16:38:21.277918","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
