{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3188058378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2021.1004207","title":"Multi-Candidate Voting Model Based on Blockchain","display_name":"Multi-Candidate Voting Model Based on Blockchain","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3188058378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2021.1004207","mag":"3188058378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jas.2021.1004207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2021.1004207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484288132","display_name":"IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica","issn_l":"2329-9266","issn":["2329-9266","2329-9274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341934","display_name":"Dongliang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6908-253X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongliang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","School of Mechanical Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100651614","display_name":"Wei Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-8350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113956898","display_name":"Wensheng Zhai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wensheng Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056608045","display_name":"Zhihong Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9409-5359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihong Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100341934"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455","https://openalex.org/I37987034"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3596,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93454707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"12","first_page":"1891","last_page":"1900"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-voting","display_name":"Electronic voting","score":0.8607466220855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.8507517576217651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.7974132299423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6993710994720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6390609741210938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinal-voting-systems","display_name":"Cardinal voting systems","score":0.4907566010951996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.46007969975471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.4468532204627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.43376290798187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.36254310607910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3488615155220032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.12460234761238098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.08235400915145874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780612046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926161","display_name":"Electronic voting","level":4,"score":0.8607466220855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.8507517576217651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.7974132299423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6993710994720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6390609741210938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167654663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5038645","display_name":"Cardinal voting systems","level":4,"score":0.4907566010951996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.46007969975471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.4468532204627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.43376290798187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.36254310607910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3488615155220032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12460234761238098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08235400915145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jas.2021.1004207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2021.1004207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484288132","display_name":"IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica","issn_l":"2329-9266","issn":["2329-9266","2329-9274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2505869560","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20B2046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4927815304","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2019PF007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479744988","https://openalex.org/W1548580540","https://openalex.org/W1550614890","https://openalex.org/W1570270086","https://openalex.org/W1752315353","https://openalex.org/W1839300275","https://openalex.org/W1969344535","https://openalex.org/W1970823784","https://openalex.org/W1976900880","https://openalex.org/W2003736153","https://openalex.org/W2036378739","https://openalex.org/W2060963640","https://openalex.org/W2080765376","https://openalex.org/W2103647628","https://openalex.org/W2114337635","https://openalex.org/W2128227627","https://openalex.org/W2162572433","https://openalex.org/W2170018742","https://openalex.org/W2528561030","https://openalex.org/W2793239266","https://openalex.org/W2808451969","https://openalex.org/W2808681425","https://openalex.org/W2907369926","https://openalex.org/W2931991156","https://openalex.org/W2949341542","https://openalex.org/W2963273426","https://openalex.org/W2964302640","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6632827245","https://openalex.org/W6634294981","https://openalex.org/W6749152794"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1697012991","https://openalex.org/W4311463983","https://openalex.org/W3123452820","https://openalex.org/W4297573717","https://openalex.org/W1596100069","https://openalex.org/W4283692793","https://openalex.org/W3105181465","https://openalex.org/W4321843854","https://openalex.org/W2982471511","https://openalex.org/W3108317354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electronic":[0],"voting":[1,74,83,100,114,130,148],"has":[2],"partially":[3],"solved":[4],"the":[5,18,23,26,46,70,87,91,113,139,143],"problems":[6,71,145],"of":[7,25,48,93,129,146,157],"poor":[8],"anonymity":[9],"and":[10,60,97,112,132],"low":[11],"efficiency":[12],"associated":[13],"with":[14],"traditional":[15],"voting.":[16],"However,":[17],"difficulties":[19],"it":[20,64],"introduces":[21],"into":[22],"supervision":[24],"vote":[27],"counting,":[28],"as":[29,31,57],"well":[30],"its":[32,54],"need":[33],"for":[34],"a":[35,65,81,109,123],"concurrent":[36],"guaranteed":[37],"trusted":[38],"third":[39,110],"party,":[40,111],"should":[41],"not":[42],"be":[43,104,117],"overlooked.":[44],"With":[45,90],"advent":[47],"blockchain":[49,88],"technology":[50],"in":[51,68,119,122],"recent":[52],"years,":[53],"features":[55],"such":[56],"decentralization,":[58],"anonymity,":[59],"non-tampering":[61],"have":[62],"made":[63],"good":[66],"candidate":[67],"solving":[69],"that":[72,125,138],"electronic":[73,147],"faces.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77],"study,":[78],"we":[79],"propose":[80],"multi-candidate":[82],"model":[84,141],"based":[85],"on":[86,108],"technology.":[89],"introduction":[92],"an":[94,98,154],"asymmetric":[95],"encryption":[96],"anonymity-preserving":[99],"algorithm,":[101],"votes":[102],"can":[103,116],"counted":[105],"without":[106,149],"relying":[107],"results":[115,136],"displayed":[118],"real":[120],"time":[121],"manner":[124],"satisfies":[126],"various":[127],"levels":[128],"security":[131],"privacy":[133],"requirements.":[134],"Experimental":[135],"show":[137],"proposed":[140],"solves":[142],"aforementioned":[144],"significant":[150],"negative":[151],"impact":[152],"from":[153],"increasing":[155],"number":[156],"voters":[158],"or":[159],"candidates.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
